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Chapter 1: Q.1.24 (page 17)
Calculate the total thermal energy in a gram of lead at room temperature, assuming that none of the degrees of freedom are "frozen out" (this happens to be a good assumption in this case).
The total thermal energy.
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Make a rough estimate of how far food coloring (or sugar) will diffuse through water in one minute.
Uranium has two common isotopes, with atomic masses of 238 and 235. one way to separate these isotopes is to combine the uranium with fluorine to make uranium hexafluoride gas, UF6, then exploit the difference in the average thermal speeds of molecules containing the different isotopes. Calculate the rms speed of each molecule at room temperature, and compare them.
When you're sick with a fever and you take your temperature with a thermometer, approximately what is the relaxation time?
Does it ever make sense to say that one object is "twice as hot" as another? Does it matter whether one is referring to Celsius or Kelvin temperatures? Explain.
Home owners and builders discuss thermal conductivities in terms of the value (for resistance) of a material, defined as the thickness divided by the thermal conductivity:
(a) Calculate the value of a () piece of plate glass, and then of a layer of still air. Express both answers in SI units.
(b) In the United States, values of building materials are normally given in English units,. A Btu, or British thermal unit, is the energy needed to raise the temperature of a pound of water . Work out the conversion factor between the SI and English units for values. Convert your answers from part (a) to English units.
(c) Prove that for a compound layer of two different materials sandwiched together (such as air and glass, or brick and wood), the effective total value is the sum of the individual values.
(d) Calculate the effective value of a single piece of plate glass with a layer of still air on each side. (The effective thickness of the air layer will depend on how much wind is blowing; is of the right order of magnitude under most conditions.) Using this effective value, make a revised estimate of the heat loss through a single-pane window when the temperature in the room is higher than the outdoor temperature.
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