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Chapter 1: Q. 1.30 (page 20)

Put a few spoonfuls of water into a bottle with a tight lid. Make sure everything is at room temperature, measuring the temperature of the water with a thermometer to make sure. Now close the bottle and shake it as hard as you can for several minutes. When you're exhausted and ready to drop, shake it for several minutes more. Then measure the temperature again. Make a rough calculation of the expected temperature change, and compare.


Short Answer

Expert verified

Temperature will change due to kinetic energy of molecules.

Step by step solution

01

Given information

Few spoonfuls of water into a bottle with a tight lid.

02

Explanation

Temperature can't change (neither increased nor decreased) without any external factors (heat supply or heat absorption) . Temperature is related to the kinetic energy of the molecules.

When the bottle is kept in the room temperature, then its temperature will be say 25oC.

And when the bottle is shaken for couple of minutes, then its temperature is measured with thermometer. In this case, temperature will be increased due to the kinetic energy of molecules increases during shaking. This change in kinetic energy of molecule causes a change in temperature.


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Most popular questions from this chapter

In Problem 1.16 you calculated the pressure of the earth鈥檚 atmosphere as a function of altitude, assuming constant temperature. Ordinarily, however, the temperature of the bottommost 10-15 km of the atmosphere (called the troposphere) decreases with increasing altitude, due to heating from the ground (which is warmed by sunlight). If the temperature gradient |dT/dz|exceeds a certain critical value, convection will occur: Warm, low-density air will rise, while cool, high-density air sinks. The decrease of pressure with altitude causes a rising air mass to expand adiabatically and thus to cool. The condition for convection to occur is that the rising air mass must remain warmer than the surrounding air despite this adiabatic cooling.

a. Show that when an ideal gas expands adiabatically, the temperature and pressure are related by the differential equation

dTdP=2f+2TP

b. Assume that dT/dzis just at the critical value for convection to begin so that the vertical forces on a convecting air mass are always approximately in balance. Use the result of Problem 1.16(b) to find a formula for dT/dzin this case. The result should be a constant, independent of temperature and pressure, which evaluates to approximately 鈥�10掳C/km. This fundamental meteorological quantity is known as the dry adiabatic lapse rate.

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A battery is connected in series to a resistor, which is immersed in water (to prepare a nice hot cup of tea). Would you classify the flow of energy from the battery to the resistor as "heat" or "work"? What about the flow of energy from the resistor to the water?

A battery is connected in series to a resistor, which is immersed in water (to prepare a nice hot cup of tea). Would you classify the flow of energy from the battery to the resistor as "heat" or "work"? What about the flow of energy from the resistor to the water?

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