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Chapter 5: Q. 57 (page 329)
The most common bet in craps is the 鈥減ass line.鈥� A pass line bettor wins immediately if either a or ancomes up on the first roll. This is called a natural. What is the probability that a natural does not occur?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
The probability that a natural does not occur is (e)
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Free-throw practice At the end of basketball practice, each player on the team must shoot free throws until he makes of them. Dwayne is a free-throw shooter. That is, his probability of making any free throw is . We want to design a simulation to estimate the probability that Dwayne make free throws in at most shots. Describe how you would use each of the following chance devices to perform one trial of the simulation.
a. Slips of paper
b. Random digits table
c. Random number generator
Foreign-language studyChoose a student in grades 9 to 12 at random and ask if he or she is studying a language other than English. Here is the distribution of results:
a. What鈥檚 the probability that the student is studying a language other than English?
b. What is the probability that a student is studying Spanish given that he or she is
studying some language other than English?
In a sample ofstudents, say they are vegetarians. Of the vegetarians, eat both fish and eggs, eat eggs but not fish, and eat neither. Choose one of the vegetarians at
random. What is the probability that the chosen student eats fish or eggs?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Middle school values Researchers carried out a survey of fourth-, fifth-, and sixth-grade students in Michigan. Students were asked whether good grades, athletic ability, or being popular was most important to them. The two-way table summarizes the survey data. 
Suppose we select one of these students at random. What鈥檚 the probability of each of the following?
a. The student is a sixth-grader or rated good grades as important.
b. The student is not a sixth-grader and did not rate good grades as important.
Taking the train According to New Jersey Transit, the weekday train from Princeton to New York City has a chance of arriving on time. To test this claim, an auditor chooses weekdays at random during a month to ride this train. The train arrives late on of those days. Does the auditor have convincing evidence that the company's claim is false? Describe how you would carry out a simulation to estimate the probability that a train with a chance of arriving on time each day would be late on or more of days. Do not perform the simulation.
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