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Chapter 5: Q. 57 (page 329)
The most common bet in craps is the 鈥減ass line.鈥� A pass line bettor wins immediately if either a or ancomes up on the first roll. This is called a natural. What is the probability that a natural does not occur?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
The probability that a natural does not occur is (e)
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Treating low bone density Fractures of the spine are common and serious
among women with advanced osteoporosis (low mineral density in the bones). Can taking
strontium ranelate help? A large medical trial was conducted to investigate this question.
Researchers recruited women with osteoporosis who had previously had at least one
fracture for an experiment. The women were assigned to take either strontium ranelate or a
placebo each day. All the women were taking calcium supplements and receiving standard
medical care. One response variable was the number of new fractures over years.
a. Describe a completely randomized design for this experiment.
b. Explain why it is important to keep the calcium supplements and medical care the same
for all the women in the experiment.
c. The women who took strontium ranelate had statistically significantly fewer new
fractures, on average, than the women who took a placebo over a year period. Explain
what this means to someone who knows little statistics.
Foreign-language studyChoose a student in grades 9 to 12 at random and ask if he or she is studying a language other than English. Here is the distribution of results:
a. What鈥檚 the probability that the student is studying a language other than English?
b. What is the probability that a student is studying Spanish given that he or she is
studying some language other than English?
Tall people and basketball players Select an adult at random. Define events T: person is over feet tall, and
B: person is a professional basketball player. Rank the following probabilities from smallest to largest. Justify your answer.
Dogs and cats In one large city, of all households own a dog, own a cat, and own both. Suppose we randomly select a household. What鈥檚 the probability that the household owns a dog or a cat?
Household size In government data, a household consists of all occupants of a dwelling unit. Choose an American household at random and count the number of people it contains. Here is the assignment of probabilities for the outcome. The probability of finding people in a household is the same as the probability of finding people.
a. What probability should replace 鈥�?鈥� in the table? Why?
b. Find the probability that the chosen household contains more than people.
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