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Chapter 5: Probability: What Are the Chances?

Q. T5.11

Page 357

The two-way table summarizes data on whether students at a certain high school eat

regularly in the school cafeteria by grade level.

a. If you choose a student at random, what is the probability that the student eats

regularly in the cafeteria and is not a 10thgrader?

b. If you choose a student at random who eats regularly in the cafeteria, what is the probability that the student is a 10thgrader?

c. Are the events 鈥10thgrader鈥 and 鈥渆ats regularly in the cafeteria鈥 independent?

Justify your answer.

Q. T5.12

Page 357

Three machines鈥擜, B, and C鈥攁re used to produce a large quantity of identical parts at

a factory. Machine A produces 60%of the parts, while Machines B and C produce

30%and 10%of the parts, respectively. Historical records indicate that 10%of the parts

produced by Machine A are defective, compared with 30%for Machine B, and 40%for

Machine C. Suppose we randomly select a part produced at the factory.

a. Find the probability that the part is defective.

b. If the part is inspected and found to be defective, what鈥檚 the probability that it was

produced by Machine B?

Q. T5.13

Page 357

At Dicey Dave鈥檚 Diner, the dinner buffet usually costs $12.99. Once a month, Dave sponsors 鈥渓ucky buffet鈥 night. On that night, each patron can either pay the usual price or roll two fair, six-sided dice and pay a number of dollars equal to the product of the numbers showing on the two faces. The table shows the sample space of this chance process.

a. A customer decides to play Dave鈥檚 鈥渓ucky buffet鈥 game. Find the probability that the customer will pay less than the usual cost of the buffet.

b. A group of 4 friends comes to Dicey Dave鈥檚 Diner to play the 鈥渓ucky buffet鈥 game. Find the probability that all 4 of these friends end up paying less than the usual cost of the buffet.

c. Find the probability that at least 1 of the 4 friends ends up paying more than the usual cost of the buffet

Q. T5.14

Page 357

Based on previous records, 17% of the vehicles passing through a tollbooth have out-ofstate plates. A bored tollbooth worker decides to pass the time by counting how many vehicles pass through until he sees two with out-of-state plates. We would like to perform a simulation to estimate the average number of vehicles it takes to find two with out-of-state plates.30

a. Describe how you would use a table of random digits to perform the simulation.

b. Perform 3 trials of the simulation using the random digits given here. Copy the digits onto your paper and mark directly on or above them so that someone can follow what you did.

Q. T5.2

Page 357

What is the probability that the person owns a Chevy, given that the truck has four-wheel drive?

a.32/50b.32/80c.32/125d.50/125e.80/125

Q. T5.3

Page 357

Which one of the following is true about the events 鈥淥wner has a Chevy鈥 and

鈥淥wner鈥檚 truck has four-wheel drive鈥?

a. These two events are mutually exclusive and independent.

b. These two events are mutually exclusive, but not independent.

c. These two events are not mutually exclusive, but they are independent.

d. These two events are neither mutually exclusive nor independent.

e. These two events are mutually exclusive, but we do not have enough information to determine if they are independent.

Q. T5.3

Page 357

A spinner has three equally sized regions: blue, red, and green. Jonny spins the spinner 3times and gets 3blues in a row. If he spins the spinner 297more times, how many more blues is he most likely to get?

a.97b.99c.100d.101e.103

Q. T5.5

Page 357

Which of the following is a correct way to perform the simulation?

a. Let integers from 1to34represent making a free throw and 35to50represent missing a free throw. Generate 50random integers from1to50. Count the number

of made free throws. Repeat this process many times.

b. Let integers from 1to34represent making a free throw and 35to50represent missing a free throw. Generate 50 random integers from 1 to 50 with no repeats

allowed. Count the number of made free throws. Repeat this process many times.

c. Let integers from1to56represent making a free throw and 57to100represent missing a free throw. Generate 50 random integers from1to100.Count the number of made free throws. Repeat this process many times.

d. Let integers from localid="1653986588937" 1to56represent making a free throw and localid="1653986593808" 57to100represent missing a free throw. Generate 50 random integers from localid="1653986598680" 1to100with no repeats allowed. Count the number of made free throws. Repeat this process many times.

e. None of the above is correct.

Q. T5.6

Page 357

The dotplot displays the number of made shots in 100simulated sets of 50free throw by someone with probability 0.56of making a free throw.

Which of the following is an appropriate statement about Wilt鈥檚 free-throw shooting

based on this dotplot?

a. If Wilt were still only a 56%shooter, the probability that he would make at least 34of his shots is about0.03.

b. If Wilt were still only a 56%shooter, the probability that he would make at least 34of his shots is about 0.97..

c. If Wilt is now shooting better than 56%, the probability that he would make at least 34of his shots is about 0.03.

d. If Wilt is now shooting better than56%, the probability that he would make at least 34of his shots is about0.97.

e. If Wilt were still only a 56%shooter, the probability that he would make at least 34of his shots is about 0.01.

Q. T5.7

Page 357

The partially complete table that follows shows the distribution of scores on the AP庐

Statistics exam for a class of students.

Select a student from this class at random. If the student earned a score of 3 or higher

on the AP庐 Statistics exam, what is the probability that the student scored a 5?

a.0.150b.0.214c.0.300d.0.428e.0.700

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