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Chapter 11: Q. 57 (page 758)
Which of the following is the correct number of degrees of freedom for the chi-square test using these data?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Option (a) The degrees of freedom for the chi-square test for this two-way table are .
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All current-carrying wires produce electromagnetic (EM) radiation, including the electrical wiring running into, through, and out of our homes. High-frequency EM radiation is thought to be a cause of cancer. The lower frequencies associated with household current are generally assumed to be harmless. To investigate the relationship between current configuration and type of cancer, researchers visited the addresses of a random sample of children who had died of some form of cancer (leukemia, lymphoma, or some other type) and classified the wiring configuration outside the dwelling as either a high-current configuration (HCC) or a low-current configuration (LCC). Here are the data:
Computer software was used to analyze the data. The output included the value
Which of the following may we conclude, based on the chi-square test results?
a. There is convincing evidence of an association between wiring configuration and the chance that a child will develop some form of cancer.
b. HCC either causes cancer directly or is a major contributing factor to the development of cancer in children.
c. Leukemia is the most common type of cancer among children.
d. There is not convincing evidence of an association between wiring configuration and the type of cancer that caused the deaths of children.
e. There is convincing evidence that HCC does not cause cancer in children.
A random sample of traffic tickets given to motorists in a large city is examined. The tickets are classified according to the race or ethnicity of the driver. The results are summarized in the following table.
The proportion of this city's population in each of the racial/ethnic categories listed is as follows.
We wish to test : The racial/ethnic distribution of traffic tickets in the city is the same as the racial/ethnic distribution of the city's population.
Assuming is true, what is the expected number of Hispanic drivers who would receive a ticket?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Roulette Refer to Exercise 2.
a. Confirm that the expected counts are large enough to use a chi-square distribution to calculate the P-value. What degrees of freedom should you use?
b. Use Table C to find the P-value. Then use your calculator鈥檚 蠂2 cdf command.
c. What conclusion would you draw about whether or not the roulette wheel is operating correctly?
A random sample of traffic tickets given to motorists in a large city is examined. The tickets are classified according to the race or ethnicity of the driver. The results are summarized in the following table.
The proportion of this city's population in each of the racial/ethnic categories listed is as follows.
We wish to test : The racial/ethnic distribution of traffic tickets in the city is the same as the racial/ethnic distribution of the city's population.
We compute the value of the test statistic to be . Assuming that the conditions for inference are met, which of the following is the correct P-value?
a. Greater than
b. Between and
c. Between and
d. Between and
e. Less than
Treating ulcers Gastric freezing was once a recommended treatment for ulcers in the upper intestine. Use of gastric freezing stopped after experiments showed it had no effect. One randomized comparative experiment found thatof the gastric-freezing patients improved, while of the patients in the placebo group improved. We can test the hypothesis of 鈥渘o difference鈥� in the effectiveness of the treatments in two ways: with a two-sample z test or with a chi-square test.
a. State appropriate hypotheses for a chi-square test.
b. Here is Minitab output for a chi-square test. Interpret the P-value. What conclusion would you draw?
c. Here is Minitab output for a two-sample z test. Explain how these results are consistent with the test in part (a).
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