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Is your random number generator working? Use your calculator鈥檚 RandInt function to generate 200 digits from 0 to 9 and store them in a list.

a. State appropriate hypotheses for a chi-square test for goodness of fit to determine whether your calculator鈥檚 random number generator gives each digit an equal chance of being generated.

b. Carry out a test at the =0.05 significance level. Hint: To obtain the observed

counts, make a histogram of the list containing the 200 random digits, and use the trace feature to see how many of each digit were generated. You may have to adjust your window to go from 0.5to9.5 with an increment of 1

c. Assuming that a student鈥檚 calculator is working properly, what is the probability that the student will make a Type I error in part (b)?

d. Suppose that 25 students in an AP庐 Statistics class independently do this exercise for homework and that all of their calculators are working properly. Find the probability that at least one of them makes a Type I error.

Short Answer

Expert verified

Part (a)

H0:p0=p1=p2=p3=p4=p5=p6=p7=p8=p9=0.1H1:AtleastoneofthePi'sisincorrect

Part (b) There is not enough proof to reject the claim of random digits.

Part (c) 0.05

Part (d)P(Atleastoneofthe25maketypeIerror)=0.7226

Step by step solution

01

Part (a) Step 1: Given information

Use the RandInt function on your calculator to produce 200 digits from 0 to 9 and save them in a list.

02

Part (a) Step 2: Calculation

Each digit has the same number of different outcomes, and there are a total of ten digits. As a result, the likelihood of any arbitrary digit is 1 in 10:

p=110=0.1

The null hypothesis states that the category variable's given distribution is correct.

H0:p0=p1=p2=p3=p4=p5=p6=p7=p8=p9=0.1

The alternative hypothesis is that the categorical variable's indicated distribution is incorrect.

H1:AtleastoneofthePi'sisincorrect

03

Part (b) Step 1: Calculation

Find the chi-square subtotals and observed frequencies.

The observed frequencies obtained by entering randInt(0,9,200) into the calculator are represented by O

The test-statistic is 2=3.5

The degree of freedom is df=c1=101=9

The P-value is the chance of having the test statistic's value, or a value that is more than extreme.

The P-value is the number in the column of Table having the 2-value in the row df=9:

P>0.25

If the P-value is equal or lesser the significance level, then the null hypothesis is rejected:

P>0.05FailtorejectH0

04

Part (c) Step 1: Calculation

The probability of a Type I error is the -value. Therefore, the possibility of a Type I error is =0.05

05

Part (d) Step 1: Calculation

Multiplication rule

P(AB)=P(AandB)=P(A)P(B)

Complement rule:

P(Ac)=P(notA)=1P(A)

Result part (c):

P(TypeIerror)=0.05

Using the complement rule:

P(NoTypeIerror)=1P(TypeIerror)=1-0.05=0.95

Assuming that the 25pupils are self-contained, the following multiplication rule can be used to separate events:

=P(NoTypeIerror)P(NoTypeIerror)...P(NoTypeIerror)25repetitions=(P(NoTypeIerror))2=0.9525=0.2774

Using the compliment rule

P(Atleastoneofthe25maketypeIerror)=1P(Noneofthe25maketypeIerro)=10.2774=07226

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Most popular questions from this chapter

The manager of a high school cafeteria is planning to offer several new types of food for student lunches in the new school year. She wants to know if each type of food will be equally popular so she can start ordering supplies and making other plans. To find out, she selects a random sample of 100 students

and asks them, 鈥淲hich type of food do you prefer: Ramen, tacos, pizza, or hamburgers?鈥 Here are her data:

An appropriate null hypothesis to test whether the food choices are equally popular is

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c. H0:nR=nT=nP=nH=25where nRis the number of students in the school who would choose ramen, and so on.

d.H0:pR=pT=pP=pH=0.25where pRis the proportion of students in the school who would choose ramen, and so on.

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The manager of a high school cafeteria is planning to offer several new types of food for student lunches in the new school year. She wants to know if each type of food will be equally popular so she can start ordering supplies and making other plans. To find out, she selects a random sample of 100students and asks them, 鈥淲hich type of food do you prefer: Ramen, tacos, pizza, or hamburgers?鈥 Here are her data:

Which of the following is false?

a. A chi-square distribution with k degrees of freedom is more right-skewed than a chi square distribution with k+1 degrees of freedom.

b. A chi-square distribution never takes negative values.

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