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Chapter 3: Q 34. (page 175)
If we leave out the low outlier, the correlation for the remaining 13 points in the preceding figure is closest to
a. 鈭�0.95.
b. 鈭�0.65.
c. 0.
d. 0.65.
e. 0.95.
The correct option is (d)
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Hot dogs Are hot dogs that are high in calories and also high in salt? The
following scatterplot shows the calories and salt content (measured in milligrams of sodium) in brands of meat hot dogs. 
a. The correlation for these data is Interpret this value.
b. What effect does the hot dog brand with the smallest calorie content have on the correlation? Justify your answer.
Penguins diving A study of king penguins looked for a relationship between how deep the penguins dive to seek food and how long they stay underwater.41 For all but the shallowest dives, there is an association between x = depth (in meters) and y = dive duration (in minutes) that is different for each penguin. The study gives a scatterplot for one penguin titled 鈥淭he Relation of Dive Duration (y) to Depth (x).鈥� The scatterplot shows an association that is positive, linear, and strong.
a. Explain the meaning of the term positive association in this context.
b. Explain the meaning of the term linear association in this context.
c. Explain the meaning of the term strong association in this context.
d. Suppose the researchers reversed the variables, using x = dive duration and y = depth.
Stand mixers The scatterplot shows the weight (in pounds) and cost (in dollars) of 11 stand mixers.35 The mixer from Walmart (highlighted in red) was much lighter鈥攁nd cheaper than the other mixers.
a. Describe what influence the highlighted point has on the equation of the least-squares regression line.
b. Describe what influence the highlighted point has on the standard deviation of the residuals and r2
Long jumps Here are the 40-yard-dash times (in seconds) and long-jump distances (in inches) for a small class of 12 students:
a. Sketch a scatterplot of the data using dash time as the explanatory variable.
b. Use technology to calculate the equation of the least-squares regression line for predicting the long-jump distance based on the dash time. Add the line to the scatterplot from part (a).
c. Explain why the line calculated in part (b) is called the 鈥渓east-squares鈥� regression line.
Which of the following statements is not true of the correlation r between the lengths (in inches) and weights (in pounds) of a sample of brook trout?
a. r must take a value between 鈭�1 and 1.
b. r is measured in inches.
c. If longer trout tend to also be heavier, then r > 0.
d. r would not change if we measured the lengths of the trout in centimeters instead of inches.
e. r would not change if we measured the weights of the trout in kilograms instead of pounds.
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