/*! This file is auto-generated */ .wp-block-button__link{color:#fff;background-color:#32373c;border-radius:9999px;box-shadow:none;text-decoration:none;padding:calc(.667em + 2px) calc(1.333em + 2px);font-size:1.125em}.wp-block-file__button{background:#32373c;color:#fff;text-decoration:none} Q. 79 Look, Ma, no hands! Does talking... [FREE SOLUTION] | 91影视

91影视

Log out

Learning Materials

Features

Discover

Chapter 4: Q. 79 (page 267)

Look, Ma, no hands! Does talking on a hands-free cell phone distract drivers? Researchers recruit 40student subjects for an experiment to investigate this question. They have a driving simulator equipped with a hands-free phone for use in the study. Each subject will complete two sessions in the simulator: one while talking on the hands-free phone and the other while just driving. The order of the two sessions for each subject will be determined at random. The route, driving conditions, and traffic flow will be the same in both sessions.

a. What type of design did the researchers use in their study?

b. Explain why the researchers chose this design instead of a completely randomized design.

c. Why is it important to randomly assign the order of the treatments?

d. Explain how and why researchers controlled for other variables in this experiment.

Short Answer

Expert verified

(a) The matched pair design is used by researchers.

(b) The researchers chose this design instead of a completely randomized design because it eliminate variability.

(c) It is important to randomly assign the order of the treatments because we will experience confounding variable.

(d) The researchers controlled for other variables in this experiment by controlling and sure the routes and rules.

Step by step solution

01

Part (a) Step 1: Given information

We need to find the type of design did the researchers use in their study.

02

Part (a) Step 2: Explanation

We know that

Each subject is administered for both treatments i.e. random order and comparison to themselves.

Therefore,

The matched pair design is used by researchers.

03

Part (b) Step 1: Given information

We need to find the reason for researchers chose this design instead of a completely randomized design.

04

Part (b) Step 2: Explanation

We know that

Matched pair design helps in

  • eliminating the variability in subjects by comparing each subject response to the other and itself.

Therefore,

The researchers chose this design instead of a completely randomized design because it eliminate variability.

05

Part (c) step 1: Given information

We need to find the importance of randomly assigning the order of the treatments.

06

Part (c) Step 2: Explanation

It's crucial to allocate the treatments in a random order since we expect the participants to do better on their second attempt because they'll have more experience. As a result, we could expect the experience to be a confounding variable.

If we then assign the treatments in a random order, both treatments will appear as the first attempt for some subjects and the second attempt for others, allowing us to compare the results of the two treatments while knowing that the differences between the two attempts will differ due to experience.

07

Part (d) Step 1: Given information

We need to find the way the researchers controlled for other variables in this experiment.

08

Part (d) Step 2: Explanation

We know that

Researchers make sure that the factors that will affect the driving situation does not produce any variability to response of controlling them.

Therefore,

The researchers controlled for other variables in this experiment by controlling and sure the routes and rules.

Unlock Step-by-Step Solutions & Ace Your Exams!

  • Full Textbook Solutions

    Get detailed explanations and key concepts

  • Unlimited Al creation

    Al flashcards, explanations, exams and more...

  • Ads-free access

    To over 500 millions flashcards

  • Money-back guarantee

    We refund you if you fail your exam.

Over 30 million students worldwide already upgrade their learning with 91影视!

One App. One Place for Learning.

All the tools & learning materials you need for study success - in one app.

Get started for free

Most popular questions from this chapter

More testosterone Refer to Exercise 56. Could blinding be used in this experiment? Explain your reasoning. Why is blinding an important consideration in this context?

One of the better studies of the effect of regular attendance

at religious services gathered data from a random sample of 3617 adults. The researchers then measured lots of variables, not just the explanatory variable (religious activities) and the response variable (length of life). A news article said: 鈥淐hurchgoers were more likely to be nonsmokers, physically active, and at their right weight. But even after health behaviors were taken into account, those not attending religious services regularly still were significantly more likely to have died.鈥� What conclusion can we draw from this study? Explain your reasoning.

A simple random sample of 1200 adult Americans is selected, and each person is asked

the following question: 鈥淚n light of the huge national deficit, should the government at this

time spend additional money to send humans to Mars?鈥� Only 39% of those responding

answered 鈥淵es.鈥� This survey

a. is reasonably accurate because it used a large simple random sample.

b. needs to be larger because only about 24 people were drawn from each state.

c. probably understates the percent of people who favor sending humans to Mars.

d. is very inaccurate but neither understates nor overstates the percent of people who favor

sending humans to Mars. Because simple random sampling was used, it is unbiased.

e. probably overstates the percent of people who favor sending humans to Mars.

A gardener wants to try different combinations of fertilizer (none, 1cup, 2cups) and mulch (none, wood chips, pine needles, plastic) to determine which combination produces the highest yield for a variety of green beans. He has 60green-bean plants to use in the experiment. If he wants an equal number of plants to be assigned to each treatment, how many plants will be assigned to each treatment?

a. 1

b. 3

c. 4

d. 5

e.12

Boys don鈥檛 cry? Two female statistics students asked a random sample of 60 high school

boys if they have ever cried during a movie. Thirty of the boys were asked directly and the

other 30 were asked anonymously by means of a 鈥渟ecret ballot.鈥� When the responses were

anonymous, 63% of the boys said 鈥淵es,鈥� whereas only 23% of the other group said 鈥淵es.鈥�

Explain why the two percentages are so different.
See all solutions

Recommended explanations on Math Textbooks

Decision Maths

Read Explanation

Pure Maths

Read Explanation

Discrete Mathematics

Read Explanation

Calculus

Read Explanation

Mechanics Maths

Read Explanation

Geometry

Read Explanation
View all explanations

What do you think about this solution?

We value your feedback to improve our textbook solutions.

Study anywhere. Anytime. Across all devices.