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A psychologist wants to know if the difficulty of a task influences our estimate of how long we spend working at it. She designs two sets of mazes that subjects can work through on a computer. One set has easy mazes and the other has difficult mazes. Subjects work until told to stop (after 6minutes, but subjects do not know this). They are then asked to estimate how long they worked. The psychologist has 30students available to serve as subjects.

a. Describe an experiment using a completely randomized design to learn the effect of difficulty on estimated time. Make sure to carefully explain your method of assigning treatments.

b. Describe a matched pairs experimental design using the same 30subjects.

c. Which design would be more likely to detect a difference in the effects of the treatments? Explain your answer.

Short Answer

Expert verified

a. The assigning of treatments is assigning a unique number between 1and30to each student.

b. A matched pairs experimental design using the same 30subjects is to use two slips of paper, write "1"on one slip and "2"on the other slip.

c. The matched pairs design would be more likely to detect a difference because it controls for the variability between subjects.

Step by step solution

01

Part (a) step 1: Given Information

We need to describe an experiment using completely randomized design to learn effect of difficulty on estimated time.

02

Part (a) step 2: Explanation

Consider:

30Students

Here are two treatments easy maze and difficult maze.

Now, a unique number is between 1and30for each student.

A random digit table or a calculator to select 15unique integers between 1and30. The corresponding 15students are then assigned to the easy mazes.

Then compare the estimates of time worked among the two treatment groups.

03

Part (b) step 1: Given Information

We need to describe a matched pairs experimental design using the same 30subjects.

04

Part (b) step 2: Explanation

Consider:

30students

Here are two treatments: easy maze and difficult maze.
Let us use two slips of paper and write "1" on one slip and "2" on the other.
the slips face down on a table and shuffle them.
Let each student randomly select one of the two slips and be sure to return and shuffle the slips around after each drawing.
Students who selected the slip containing "1", will first execute easy maze and then execute difficult maze.
Students who selected the slip containing "2", will first execute difficult maze and then execute easy maze.
We will then compare the estimates of the time worked among the easy maze and the difficult maze.

05

Part (c) step 1: Given Information

We need to explain the difference in the effects of the treatments.

06

Part (c) step 2: Explanation

Here,

Match pairs with one subject help reduce the differences in the experiment.

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