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Lost Internet sites often vanish or move, so that references to them can鈥檛 be followed. In fact, 13%of Internet sites referenced in major scientific journals are lost within two years after publication.19If a paper contains seven Internet references, what is the probability that at least one of them doesn鈥檛 work two years later? Follow the four-step process.

Short Answer

Expert verified

P (at least one lost) = 62.27%

Step by step solution

01

Step 1. Given Information

Within two years of publication, 13% of the internet sites cited in major scientific publications vanish.

02

Step 2. Concept used

Multiplication rule: P(AB)=P(A)P(B)

Complement rule: P(notA)=1P(A)

03

Step 3. Calculation

P(lost)=13%=0.013

Complement rule:

P(notA)=1P(A)

Calculate the likelihood of a reference not being lost within two years using the complement rule.P(notlost)=1P(lost)=10.13=0.87

Multiplication rule:P(AB)=P(A)P(B)

To find the likelihood of not losing within 7references, use the multiplication rule:

P(7notlost)=(P(notlost))7=(0.87)70.3773

To calculate the probability of getting at least one losing within two years, use the complement rule:

P(atleastonelost)=1P(7notlost)P(atleastonelost)=10.3773P(atleastonelost)=0.6227P(atleastonelost)=62.27%

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