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Galileo studied motion by rolling balls down ramps. He rolled a ball down a ramp with a horizontal shelf at the end of it so that the ball was moving horizontally when it started to fall off the shelf. The top of the ramp was placed at different heights above the floor (that is, the length of the ramp varied), and Galileo measured the horizontal distance the ball traveled before it hit the floor. Here are Galileo鈥檚 data. (We won鈥檛 try to describe the obsolete seventeenth-century units Galileo used to measure distance and height.)

DistanceHeight1500100013408281332880001172600800300

(a) Make an appropriate scatterplot for predicting horizontal distance traveled from ramp height. Describe what you see.

(b) Use transformations to linearize the relationship. Does the relationship between distance and height seem to follow an exponential model or a power model? Justify your answer.

(c) Perform least-squares regression on the transformed data. Give the equation of your regression line. Define any variables you use.

(d) Use your model from part (c) to predict the horizontal distance a ball would travel if the ramp height was 700. Show your work.

Short Answer

Expert verified

(a) The scatter plot is Positive, Curved, and Solid.

(b) The relationship between distance and height seems to follow a power model.

(c) The equation of regression line is lny^=3.751+0.515lnx.

(d) The horizontal distance a ball would travel if the ramp height was700isy^=1242.41.

Step by step solution

01

Part(a) Step 1: Given Information

DistanceHeight15001000134082813288001172600800300

02

Part(a) Step 2: Explanation

The scatterplot is swinging higher, hence the direction is positive.

Because there is no straight line connecting the ends, the form is curved.

Because all spots in the same pattern are so close together, the strength is solid.

03

Part(b) Step 1: Given Information

DistanceHeight15001000134082813288001172600800300

04

Part(b) Step 2: Explanation

Exponential Model

Power Model

The height logarithm is in the horizontal dimension in the Exponential Model, the distance logarithm is in the y axis in the Power Model, and the height logarithm is in the horizontal axis in the Power Model.

The Power Model is used to model the relationship between the variables, with the most linear version shown in the accompanying scatterplot.

05

Part(c) Step 1: Given Information

DistanceHeight15001000134082813288001172600800300

06

Part(c) Step 2; Explanation

The height and distance values are logarithmic.

Height(X)Distance(Y)XYXX6.9077557.3132250.51793247.717086.7190137.20042548.37974945.145146.6846127.19142948.07191344.684046.396937.06646745.20369540.920715.7037826.68461238.1275732.53313X=32.412092Y=35.456153XY=230.30086X2=211.0001

a=YX2-XXYnX2-X2=3.751

b=nXY-X.YnX2-X2=0.515

y=a+bx

role="math" localid="1652861160820" y=3.751+0.515x

07

Part(d) Step 1: Given Information

The equation from part(c)

y=3.751+0.515x

08

Part(d) Step 2: Explanation

Using the value of x=700in the component equation (c)

lny^=3.751+0.515ln(700)=7.12481

Now we take the Exponential of the above equation

y^=e7.12481=1242.41

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