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Chapter 4: Q T4.2. (page 274)
You want to take a simple random sample (SRS) of of the students who live in a dormitory on campus. You label the students 001 to 816 in alphabetical order. In the table of random digits, you read the entries.
The first three students in your sample have labels
The correct option is (e)
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Meditation for anxiety An experiment that claimed to show that meditation lowers anxiety proceeded as follows. The experimenter interviewed the subjects and rated their level of anxiety. Then the subjects were randomly assigned to two groups. The experimenter taught one group how to meditate and they meditated daily for a month. The other group was simply told to relax more. At the end of the month, the experimenter interviewed all the subjects again and rated their anxiety level. The meditation group now had less anxiety. Psychologists said that the results were suspect because the ratings were not blind. Explain what this means and how lack of blindness could bias the reported results.
Wording bias Comment on each of the following as a potential sample survey question. Is the question clear? Is it slanted toward the desired response?
(a) 鈥淪ome cell phone users have developed brain cancer. Should all cell phones come with a warning label explaining the danger of using cell phones?鈥�
(b) 鈥淒o you agree that a national system of health insurance should be favored because it would provide health insurance for everyone and would reduce
administrative costs?鈥�
(c) 鈥淚n view of escalating environmental degradation and incipient resource depletion, would you favor economic incentives for recycling of resource-intensive consumer goods?鈥�
A simple random sample of adult Americans is selected, and each person is asked the following question: 鈥淚n light of the huge national deficit, should the government at this time spend additional money to establish a national system of health insurance?鈥� Only of those responding answered 鈥淵es.鈥� This survey
(a) is reasonably accurate since it used a large simple random sample.
(b) needs to be larger since only about people were drawn from each state.
(c) probably understates the percent of people who favor a system of national health insurance.
(d) is very inaccurate but neither understates nor overstates the percent of people who favor a system of national health insurance. Since simple random sampling was used, it is unbiased.
(e) probably overstates the percent of people who favor a system of national health insurance.
The manager of a sports arena wants to learn more about the financial status of the people who are attending an NBA basketball game. He would like to give a survey to a representative sample of the more than fans in attendance. Ticket prices for the game vary a great deal: seats near the court cost over each, while seats in the top rows of the arena cost each. The arena is divided into numbered sections, from to Each section has rows of seats labeled with letters from A (nearest the court) to (top row of the arena).
Which would be a better way to take a cluster sample of fans: using the lettered rows or the numbered sections as clusters? Explain.
Archaeologists plan to examine a sample of -meter square plots near an ancient Greek city for artifacts visible in the ground. They choose separate random samples of plots from the floodplain, coast, foothills, and high hills. What kind of sample is this?
(a) A cluster sample
(b) A convenience sample
(c) A simple random sample
(d) A stratified random sample
(e) A voluntary response sample
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