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Chapter 4: Q AP1.12. (page 278)
A linear regression was performed using the five following data points: The residual for which of the five points has the largest absolute value?
(a) A (b) B (c) C (d) D (e) E
The correct option is (b).
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Who goes to the convention? A club has student members and faculty members. The students are
The club can send students and faculty members to a convention. It decides to choose those who will go by random selection. How will you label the two strata? Use Table D, beginning at line to choose a stratified random sample of students and faculty members.
Learning biology with computers An educator wants to compare the effectiveness of computer software for teaching biology with that of a textbook presentation. She gives a biology pretest to each group of high school juniors, then randomly divides them into two groups. One group uses the computer, and the other studies the text. At the end of the year, she tests all the students again and compares the increase in biology test scores in the two groups.
(a) Is this an observational study or an experiment? Justify your answer.
(b) If the group using the computer has a much higher average increase in test scores than the group using the textbook, what conclusions if any, could the educator draw?
Cocoa and blood flowA study conducted by Norman Hollenberg, professor of medicine at Brigham and Women鈥檚 Hospital and Harvard Medical School,
involved healthy people aged . Each subject consumed a cocoa beverage containing milligrams of flavonols (a class of flavonoids) daily
for five days. Using a finger cuff, blood flow was measured on the first and fifth days of the study. After five days, researchers measured what they called 鈥渟ignifi-
cant improvement鈥� in blood flow and the function of the cells that line the blood vessels. What flaw in the design of this experiment makes it impossible to say
whether the cocoa really caused the improved blood flow? Explain.
Do you trust the Internet? You want to ask a sample of high school students the question 鈥淗ow much do you trust information about health that you find on the Internet鈥攁 great deal, somewhat, not much, or not at all?鈥� You try out this and other questions on a pilot group of students chosen from your class. The class members are listed at the top right.
(a) Explain how you would use a line of Table D to choose an SRS of students from the following list. Explain your method clearly enough for a classmate to obtain your results.
(b) Use line to select the sample. Show how you use each of the digits.
Close shave Which of two brands of electric razor shaves closer? Describe how you would design and carry out an experiment to answer this question using
adult male volunteers.
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