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Chapter 4: Q 83. (page 258)

Look, Ma, no hands! Does talking on a hands-free cell phone distract drivers? Researchers recruit 40student subjects for an experiment to investigate this question. They have a driving simulator equipped with a hands-free phone for use in the study.

(a) Researchers are considering the design shown in the figure below. What type of design is this?

(b) Explain how blocking could be used to improve the design in (a).

(c) Why is it important to randomly assign the treatments within each block?

Short Answer

Expert verified

(a) It is a completely randomized design.

(b) It can be used when each student as block run simulator twice, onw with phone and other without phone controlling variability.

(c) By randomly assigning the treatments, we could compare the results of two treatments easily.

Step by step solution

01

Given Information

Researchers wants to find out if taking on hands free cell phone distracts the driver. The below design is considered:

They have a driving simulator equipped with a hands free phone.

02

To determine type of design

It is complete randomized design because it splits the group into two smaller groups randomly. One receives treatment driving and other receives treatment driving and talking.

03

To explain how blocking can improve the design

Blocking can improve design by:

  • Letting each student as blocks run the simulator twice, once with phone and once without phone in random order as matched pair design.
  • It controls variability among students in driving. In this way, it will improve the design.
04

To explain importance of randomly assigning treatment within each block

It is important to randomly assign treatment within each block as they can perform better in second attempt due to more experience. Also it will allow both treatments to occur which will let us compare the two results knowing that experience can improve the results.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

In an interesting experiment, researchers examined the effect of ultrasound on birth weight. Pregnant women participating in the study were randomly assigned to one of two groups. The first group of women received an ultrasound; the second group did not. When the subjects鈥� babies were born, their birth weights were recorded. The women who received the ultrasounds had heavier babies.

Did the experimental design take the placebo effect into account? Why is this important?

What kind of error? Which of the following are sources of sampling error and which are sources of non-sampling error? Explain your answers.

(a) The subject lies about past drug use.

(b) A typing error is made in recording the data.

(c) Data are gathered by asking people to mail in a coupon printed in a newspaper.

Each of the following is a source of error in a sample survey. Label each as sampling error or non sampling error, and explain your answers.

(a) The telephone directory is used as a sampling frame.

(b) The person cannot be contacted in five calls.

(c) Interviewers choose people walking by on the sidewalk to interview.

2. A survey paid for by makers of disposable diapers found that 84% of the sample opposed banning disposable diapers. Here is the actual question:

Acupuncture and pregnancy A study sought to determine whether the ancient Chinese art of acupuncture could help infertile women become pregnant.41 One hundred sixty healthy women undergoing treatment with artificial insemination were recruited for the study. Half of the subjects were randomly assigned to receive acupuncture treatment 25minutes before embryo transfer and again 25

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knows little statistics.

(c) Explain why the placebo effect prevents us from concluding that acupuncture caused the difference in pregnancy rates.

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telephone calls over the Internet. How will the cost affect the use of this service? A university plans an experiment to find out. It will offer the service to all 350 students in one of its dormitories. Some students will pay a low flat rate. Others will pay higher rates at peak periods and very low rates off-peak. The university is interested in the amount and time of use and inthe effect on the congestion of the network.
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