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Chapter 10: Q. 61 (page 658)

Preventing drowning Drowning in bathtubs is a major cause of death in children less than 5 years old. A random sample of parents was asked many questions related to bathtub safety. Overall, 85% of the sample said they used baby bathtubs for infants. Estimate the percent of all parents of young children who use baby bathtubs.

Short Answer

Expert verified

One-sample z interval for a proportion.

Step by step solution

01

Concept Information

Except for birth abnormalities, drowning kills more infants between the ages of one and four.

Drowning occurs in a matter of seconds and is frequently silent.

Anyone can drown at any time when there is access to water.

02

Explanation

One proportion: ztest/interval with one sample

There are two proportions: ztest/interval with two samples

Interval ttest/one-sample ttest/one-sample ttest/one-sample ttest/one-

Two methods are used: a two-sample ttest and an interval test.

If you wish to check for a difference, equality, increase, or reduction, use a test. If you want to estimate an interval in which the true value lies, use an interval.

Because we wish to estimate the true value of one proportion, we utilize a one-sample zinterval (percent).

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Dr Teresa Amabile conducted a study involving 47college students, who were randomly assigned to two treatment groups. The 23students in one group were given a list of statements about external reasons (E) for writing, such as public recognition, making money, or pleasing their parents. The 24students in the other group were given a list of statements about internal reasons (I) for writing, such as expressing yourself and enjoying playing with words. Both groups were then instructed to write a poem about laughter. Each student鈥檚 poem was rated separately by 12different poets using a creativity scale. The 12poets鈥� ratings of each student鈥檚 poem were averaged to obtain an overall creativity score. We used Fathom software to randomly reassign the 47subjects to the two groups 1000times, assuming the treatment received doesn鈥檛 affect each individual鈥檚 average creativity rating. The dot plot shows the approximate randomization distribution of x1-xE

(a) Why did researchers randomly assign the subjects to the two treatment groups?

(b) In the actual experiment, x1-xE=4.15. What conclusion would you draw? Justify your answer with appropriate evidence.

(c) Based on your conclusion in part (b), could you have made a Type I error or a Type II error? Justify your answer.

Pat wants to compare the cost of one- and two-bedroom apartments in the area of her college campus. She collects data for a random sample of 10 advertisements of each type. The table below shows the rents (in dollars per month) for the selected apartments.

Pat wonders if two-bedroom apartments rent for significantly more, on average than one-bedroom apartments. She decides to perform a test of H0:渭1=渭2 versus Ha:渭1<渭2, where 渭1 and 渭2 are the true mean rents for all one-bedroom and two-bedroom aparaments, respectively, near the campus.

(a) Name the appropriate test and show that the conditions for carrying out this test are met.

(b) The appropriate test from part (a) yields a P-value of 0.058. Interpret this P-value in context.

(c) What conclusion should Pat draw at the伪=0.05 significance level? Explain.

DDT in rats Poisoning by the pesticide DDT causes convulsions in humans and other mammals. Researchers seek to understand how convulsions are caused. In a randomized comparative experiment, they compared 6 white rats poisoned with DDT with a control group of 6 unpoisoned rats. Electrical measurements of nerve activity are the main clue to the nature of DDT poisoning. When a nerve is stimulated, its electrical response shows a sharp spike followed by a much smaller second spike. The researchers measured the height of the second spike as a percent of the first spike when a nerve in the rat's leg was stimulated. 78 For the poisoned rats the results were

12.20716.86925.05022.4298.45620.589

The control group data were

11.0749.68612.0649.3518.1826.642

Computer output for a two-sample t-test on these data from software is shown below. (Note that SAS provides two-sided P-values.)

(a) Do these data provide convincing evidence that DDT affects the mean height of the second spike's electrical response? Carry out a significance test to help answer this question.

(b) Interpret the P-value from part (a) in the context

Refer exercise 35.Suppose we select independent SRSs of 25men aged 20to 34and 36boys aged 14and calculate the sample mean heights xMand xB.

(a) Describe the shape, center, and spread of the sampling distribution ofxM-xB.

(b) Find the probability of getting a difference in sample means xM-xBthat鈥檚 less than0mg/dl. Show your work.

(c) Should we be surprised if the sample mean cholesterol level for the 14-year-old boys exceeds the sample mean cholesterol level for the men? Explain.

Explain why the conditions for using two-sample z procedures to perform inference about p1-p2are not met in the settings

Don鈥檛 drink the water! The movie A Civil Action (Touchstone Pictures 1998) tells the story of a major legal battle that took place in the small town of Woburn, Massachusetts. A town well that supplied water to eastern Woburn residents was contaminated by industrial chemicals. During the period that residents drank water from this well, 16of the 414babies born had birth defects. On the west side of Woburn, 3of the 228babies born during the same time period had birth defects.
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