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Chapter 8: Problem 18

An opinion poll calls 2000 randomly chosen residential telephone numbers in Portland and asks to speak with an adult member of the household. The interviewer asks, "How many movies have you watched in a movie theater in the past 12 months?" In all, 831 people respond. The sample in this study is a. all adults living in Portland. b. the 2000 residential phone numbers called. c. the 831 people who responded.

Short Answer

Expert verified
The sample is the 831 people who responded.

Step by step solution

01

Understanding the Question

The exercise is asking us to identify the sample in a statistical study. The sample refers to the group of individuals or items from which data is collected in a study. Here, the opinion poll involves calling 2000 phone numbers and collecting responses from certain individuals.
02

Analyzing the Options

We have three options for what constitutes the sample: a) all adults living in Portland, b) the 2000 residential phone numbers called, or c) the 831 people who responded. We need to determine which of these represents the group from which the actual survey data was collected.
03

Identifying the Correct Sample

The sample in a study is the group of individuals who actually provide data. In this case, although 2000 phone numbers were called, only the responses from the 831 people who participated were collected as data. Hence, the correct sample comprises the 831 respondents.

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Key Concepts

These are the key concepts you need to understand to accurately answer the question.

Opinion Poll
Opinion polls are a method used to gauge the views, preferences, or opinions of a particular population on various topics. These surveys are typically conducted over the phone, online, or face-to-face.
When conducting an opinion poll, it's crucial to define the target population. This is often a specific demographic, like adults in a particular city or country.
However, the opinions collected are not from every individual in that population, but rather a smaller group called a sample. Polls are instrumental in:
  • Understanding public opinion on issues like politics, entertainment, and social policies.
  • Helping companies understand consumer likes and dislikes, guiding them in product development and marketing strategies.
  • Providing insights into trends over time, as polls can be repeated across different periods to see how opinions change.
These surveys, while informative, must be carefully designed and executed to ensure the results are reliable and unbiased.
Sample Identification
Sample identification is a crucial part of any survey or poll, as it refers to selecting a subset of individuals or observations from a larger population. In the context of the original exercise, the sample in question was the group of 831 respondents who answered the opinion poll.
Sampling involves choosing participants who are representative of the larger group, which helps in generalizing the poll results to the broader population.
To accurately identify a sample, researchers must:
  • Define the target population from which the sample will be drawn, ensuring it aligns with the study's objectives.
  • Choose an appropriate sampling method, such as random sampling. This method gives each member of the population an equal chance of being selected, reducing bias.
  • Consider sample size, which should be large enough to provide reliable data but small enough to be manageable and cost-effective.
In the exercise example, the sample of interest was the 831 people who actually provided responses, not all the individuals contacted or the entire population of the area.
Survey Data Collection
Survey data collection is the process of gathering information from respondents to obtain insights and analyze them for various purposes. In the exercise, this was done by calling individuals and asking them to participate in the poll.
The effectiveness of data collection hinges on several factors.
Some key considerations for effective survey data collection include:
  • Choosing the right mode of communication, whether it鈥檚 telephone, online, or face-to-face, to reach the intended respondents effectively.
  • Ensuring questions are clear, unbiased, and easy to understand. This helps in obtaining accurate and consistent responses.
  • Monitoring and increasing response rates, possibly by following up or providing incentives for participation, ensuring the sample reflects the diversity of the larger population.
By adhering to these practices, researchers can assure the quality and reliability of the data collected, just as in the example where responses from 831 individuals provided valuable insights into movie-watching habits.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

How A ccurate Is the Poll? A Pew Research Center survey called Teens, Social Media \& Technology in the spring of 2018 included 743 teens, of which 355 were White, nonHispanic; 129 were Black, non-Hispanic; 202 were Hispanic; and 57 were other races or ethnic groups. Each teen sampled was asked about technology usage, including access to mobile devices, online platform usage, views on social media, and video game playing. The margin of error (we will give more detail in later chapters) was reported as \(\pm 5.0 \%\) for the entire sample. When considering technology usage of only the Hispanic teens, the margin of error was reported as \(\pm 9.5 \% .4\) What do you think explains the fact that estimates for Hispanic teens were less precise than for the entire sample?

Student Opinions. A university has 30,000 undergraduate and 10,000 graduate students. A survey of student opinion concerning health care benefits for domestic partners of students selects 300 of the 30,000 undergraduate students at random and then separately selects 100 of the 10,000 graduate students at random. The 400 students chosen make up the sample. a. What is the probability that any of the 30,000 undergraduates is in your random sample of 300 undergraduates selected? What is the probability that any of the 10,000 graduate students is in your random sample of 100 graduate students selected? b. If you have done the calculations correctly in part (a), the probability of any student at the university being selected is the same. Why is your sample of 400 students from the university not an SRS of students? Explain.

Air port Shuttle. Blue Ribbon taxis offers shuttle service to the nearest airport. You look up the online reviews for Blue Ribbon taxis and find that there are 17 reviews, 6 of which report that the taxi never showed up. Is this a biased sampling method for obtaining customer opinion on the taxi service? If so, what is the likely direction of bias? Explain your reasoning carefully.

Universal Health Care. In 2019, a Monmouth University poll and an NBC News/Wall Street Journal poll each asked a nationwide sample about their views on universal health care. \(\frac{12}{}\) Here are the two questions: Question A: Do you favor or oppose creating a universal health care system in America? Question B: Would you favor or oppose a single payer health care system in which all Americans would get their health insurance from one government plan that is financed in part by taxes? One of these questions had \(58 \%\) responding favor, and the other question had only \(44 \%\) responding favor. Which wording is slanted toward a more negative response on universal health care? Why?

Cluster Sampling. Cluster sampling begins by dividing the population into separate groups, or clusters. An SRS of the clusters is selected, and individuals in the cluster are sampled. If all the individuals in a cluster are sampled, this is called one-stage cluster sampling. If a random sample of individuals in a cluster is sampled, this is called two-stage sampling. Cluster sampling can be convenient when the individuals in a cluster are easily sampled as a group, such as all people in a neighborhood for a door-to- door survey. Here is a simple example of one-stage cluster sampling. All students at a small college are required to live in dormitories. There are 25 such dormitories on campus, each with 30 students. a. To select a cluster sample of 150 students, do the following. Label the dormitories from 01 to 25. Choose an SRS of 5 dormitories from the list of the 25. If you use Table \(\mathrm{B}\), enter the table at line 121 and indicate which dormitories you selected. Your cluster sample is the 150 students in these dormitories. b. How many dormitories would you have to sample if you wanted a sample of 100 students?
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