/*! This file is auto-generated */ .wp-block-button__link{color:#fff;background-color:#32373c;border-radius:9999px;box-shadow:none;text-decoration:none;padding:calc(.667em + 2px) calc(1.333em + 2px);font-size:1.125em}.wp-block-file__button{background:#32373c;color:#fff;text-decoration:none} Problem 59 "Crime Finds the Never Married" ... [FREE SOLUTION] | 91Ó°ÊÓ

91Ó°ÊÓ

"Crime Finds the Never Married" is the conclusion drawn in an article from USA Today (June 29,2001 ). This conclusion is based on data from the Justice Department's National Crime Victimization Survey, which estimated the number of violent crimes per 1000 people, 12 years of age or older, to be 51 for the never married, 42 for the divorced or separated, 13 for married individuals, and 8 for the widowed. Does being single cause an increased risk of violent crime? Describe a potential confounding variable that illustrates why it is unreasonable to conclude that a change in marital status causes a change in crime risk.

Short Answer

Expert verified
A potential confounding variable in this scenario is Age. Younger people are likely to be never-married and also more prone to risk-taking behavior leading to criminal activities. This makes the direct relationship between marital status and crime risk questionable.

Step by step solution

01

Understanding the Data

Firstly, let's review the data presented in the exercise. The data shows the estimated number of violent crimes per 1000 people, divided by marital status: 51 for the never-married, 42 for the divorced or separated, 13 for married individuals, and 8 for the widowed. The highest risk is presented by the never-married category.
02

Considering Potential Variables

One possible confounding variable could be age. Younger people are more likely to be never-married, and they might also be more likely to commit crimes due to factors like less stable employment, lower income, and a higher propensity for risk-taking behavior. Thus, age could be influencing both marital status and crime risk.
03

Formulate the Conclusion

Considering the age as a confounding variable, the statement that being single necessarily causes an increased risk of violent crime is potentially flawed, as the apparent association between marital status and crime risk might be affected by this additional variable.

Unlock Step-by-Step Solutions & Ace Your Exams!

  • Full Textbook Solutions

    Get detailed explanations and key concepts

  • Unlimited Al creation

    Al flashcards, explanations, exams and more...

  • Ads-free access

    To over 500 millions flashcards

  • Money-back guarantee

    We refund you if you fail your exam.

Over 30 million students worldwide already upgrade their learning with 91Ó°ÊÓ!

Key Concepts

These are the key concepts you need to understand to accurately answer the question.

Crime Statistics
When analyzing crime statistics, particularly those related to violent crimes, it's crucial to understand how data is collected and categorized. Crime statistics can help us identify patterns and trends in criminal behavior, yet they can also be misleading if misunderstood. For instance, the National Crime Victimization Survey gathers data on violent crimes across different demographics. On the surface, it may seem straightforward, but it's not as simple when trying to determine causes and effects.
Crime statistics help indicate which groups might be more vulnerable to crime, whether due to socioeconomic factors, geography, or other elements.
  • High-level data offering general insights
  • Crucial for forming policies to reduce crime rates
  • Require careful consideration of variables
When we dissect these statistics, we need to pay attention to potential confounding factors that might skew the data, forming incorrect conclusions about relationships, like the one between marital status and crime.
Marital Status
Marital status appears to be linked to the likelihood of experiencing violent crime, according to the statistics provided. The data shows a clear gradient, with those never married facing higher risk compared to married individuals or those who are widowed. However, does this imply that simply changing one's marital status would influence their crime risk?
This assumption would be overly simplistic. Marital status itself is not an isolated factor; it intersects with various aspects of a person's life, including their age, economic status, and lifestyle choices.
  • Being never married could correlate with youth, which independently affects crime vulnerability.
  • Married life may coincide with more stable living conditions, impacting exposure to crime.
In conclusion, treating marital status as the sole cause for increased crime risk may overlook other significant variables influencing this dynamic.
Violent Crime Statistics
Violent crime statistics refer to the data regarding crimes that involve force or the threat of force. This type of crime includes offenses such as assault, robbery, and other forms of violence. Understanding violent crime statistics is vital for formulating public policy and improving community safety. However, these statistics can be misleading without context.
In the context of marital status, violent crime statistics suggest that never-married individuals face the highest rates. But this does not necessarily mean that marital status directly causes higher rates of violent crime. Instead, other factors might be at play.
  • Economic factors: Unstable employment or lower incomes could increase crime involvement.
  • Social environments: Living in crime-prone areas might be more common among singles.
Hence, understanding these statistics requires a deeper investigation into other influencing factors that are not captured by the simple counting of crimes.
Age as a Variable
Age is a significant variable that often influences both marital status and crime statistics. Younger individuals are typically more likely to be single, whether never-married or divorced, and are often implicated in higher crime rates. This is due to a range of factors related to age, such as:
  • More risk-taking behavior
  • Potential economic instability
  • Less life experience in conflict resolution
In the provided statistics, age serves as a confounding variable, potentially affecting both sides of the analysis. Younger people are, statistically speaking, more involved in criminal activities and are also more likely to be unmarried. This indicates that the relationship between marital status and crime could be significantly moderated by age, suggesting the importance of considering a broader context when analyzing such data.

One App. One Place for Learning.

All the tools & learning materials you need for study success - in one app.

Get started for free

Most popular questions from this chapter

The article "Americans are 'Getting the Wrong Idea' on Alcohol and Health" (Associated Press, April 19, 2005) reported that observational studies in recent years that have concluded that moderate drinking is associated with a reduction in the risk of heart disease may be misleading. The article refers to a study conducted by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention that showed that moderate drinkers, as a group, tended to be better educated, wealthier, and more active than nondrinkers. Explain why the existence of these potentially confounding factors prevent drawing the conclusion that moderate drinking is the cause of reduced risk of heart disease.

Does living in the South cause high blood pressure? Data from a group of 6278 whites and blacks questioned in the Third National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey between 1988 and 1994 (see CNN.com web site article of January 6,2000 , titled "High Blood Pressure Greater Risk in U.S. South, Study Says") indicates that a greater percentage of Southerners have high blood pressure than do people in any other region of the United States. This difference in rate of high blood pressure was found in every ethnic group, gender, and age category studied. List at least two possible reasons we cannot conclude that living in the South causes high blood pressure.

The article "High Levels of Mercury Are Found in Californians" (Los Angeles Times, February 9,2006 ) describes a study in which hair samples were tested for mercury. The hair samples were obtained from more than 6000 people who voluntarily sent hair samples to researchers at Greenpeace and The Sierra Club. The researchers found that nearly one-third of those tested had mercury levels that exceeded the concentration thought to be safe. Is it reasonable to generalize these results to the larger population of U.S. adults? Explain why or why not.

A mortgage lender routinely places advertisements in a local newspaper. The advertisements are of three different types: one focusing on low interest rates, one featuring low fees for first-time buyers, and one appealing to people who may want to refinance their homes. The lender would like to determine which advertisement format is most successful in attracting customers to call for more information. Describe an experiment that would provide the information needed to make this determination. Be sure to consider extraneous factors, such as the day of the week that the advertisement appears in the paper, the section of the paper in which the advertisement appears, or daily fluctuations in the interest rate. What role does randomization play in your design?

For each of the situations described, state whether the sampling procedure is simple random sampling, stratified random sampling, cluster sampling, systematic sampling, or convenience sampling. a. All freshmen at a university are enrolled in 1 of 30 sections of a seminar course. To select a sample of freshmen at this university, a researcher selects 4 sections of the seminar course at random from the 30 sections and all students in the 4 selected sections are included in the sample. b. To obtain a sample of students, faculty, and staff at a university, a researcher randomly selects 50 faculty members from a list of faculty, 100 students from a list of students, and 30 staff members from a list of staff. c. A university researcher obtains a sample of students at his university by using the 85 students enrolled in his Psychology 101 class. d. To obtain a sample of the seniors at a particular high school, a researcher writes the name of each senior on a slip of paper, places the slips in a box and mixes them, and then selects 10 slips. The students whose names are on the selected slips of paper are included in the sample. e, To obtain a sample of those attending a basketball game, a researcher selects the 24 th person through the door. Then, every 50 th person after that is also included in the sample.

See all solutions

Recommended explanations on Math Textbooks

View all explanations

What do you think about this solution?

We value your feedback to improve our textbook solutions.

Study anywhere. Anytime. Across all devices.