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Chapter 2: Problem 40

Explain why some studies include both a control group and a placebo treatment. What additional comparisons are possible if both a control group and a placebo group are included?

Short Answer

Expert verified
Having both a control group and a placebo group in a study allows researchers to establish a baseline effect, account for psychological influences, and pave the way for additional comparisons. This setup helps to distinguish the actual effects of the tested intervention from placebo effects, and to evaluate if the intervention has significantly greater effects than what might occur due to placebo effects.

Step by step solution

01

Understanding Control and Placebo Groups

Recognize that in many studies, including ones involving new medications, features two kinds of groups: a control group, which does not receive the drug being tested, and a placebo group, which receives a substance that resembles the drug but has no therapeutic effect. The purpose of the control group is to provide a baseline of natural progression, while the placebo group accounts for psychological influences, such as the 'placebo effect', where participants may perceive improvements simply because they believe they are being treated. This setup allows for broad comparison scope.
02

Additional Comparisons

Recognize that having both a control group and a placebo group allows for the following additional comparisons: to compare the effects of the drug and the placebo on treated groups, to compare each of these effects with the natural progression of the disease (the control group), and to compare the effects of the drug directly against the placebo. These comparisons provide a comprehensive understanding of the drug's efficacy and side effects.
03

Significance of Comparisons

Understand that these additional comparisons are significant as they help in distinguishing the actual effect of the treatment from placebo effects, and they allow researchers to see if the treatment has an effect that is significantly greater than what might be experienced due to psychological influences (placebo effect).

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