/*! This file is auto-generated */ .wp-block-button__link{color:#fff;background-color:#32373c;border-radius:9999px;box-shadow:none;text-decoration:none;padding:calc(.667em + 2px) calc(1.333em + 2px);font-size:1.125em}.wp-block-file__button{background:#32373c;color:#fff;text-decoration:none} Problem 20 A nonprofit organization surveye... [FREE SOLUTION] | 91影视

91影视

Log out

Learning Materials

Features

Discover

Chapter 4: Problem 20

A nonprofit organization surveyed its members for their opinion regarding an upcoming charity walk. The survey asked, "We are considering a shift of our preannounced location to a new one this year. Would you be willing to walk from the new location if it meant that many more teenage suicides would be avoided?" a. Explain why this is an example of a leading question. b. Explain why a better way to ask this question would be, "which of the two would you prefer as a starting point for the walk \(-\) the preannounced or the new location?"

Short Answer

Expert verified
The original question is leading because it suggests that choosing the new location will prevent suicides, pressuring respondents to agree. A non-leading question should offer neutral choices, like asking which location the respondent prefers.

Step by step solution

01

Identifying Leading Questions

A leading question is phrased in a way that suggests a particular answer or contains biased information. The original question suggests that choosing the new location will lead to saving teenage lives, which may influence the respondents to answer 'yes' in order to align with a socially desirable outcome.
02

Analyzing the Influence

Because the original question links the new location to the positive outcome of avoiding suicides, respondents may feel pressure to agree with the change, even if their genuine preference is different, due to the emotional weight attached to the cause.
03

Formulating an Unbiased Question

A non-leading question should present options impartially, allowing the respondent to make a decision without coaxing. Asking 'which of the two locations would you prefer as a starting point for the walk - the preannounced or the new location?' presents both options equally and without suggestion of additional consequences.
04

Understanding the Importance of Neutrality

The alternative question proposed requests the respondent's personal preference without implying that one choice leads to better societal outcomes, thus avoiding manipulation of the respondent's answer.

Unlock Step-by-Step Solutions & Ace Your Exams!

  • Full Textbook Solutions

    Get detailed explanations and key concepts

  • Unlimited Al creation

    Al flashcards, explanations, exams and more...

  • Ads-free access

    To over 500 millions flashcards

  • Money-back guarantee

    We refund you if you fail your exam.

Over 30 million students worldwide already upgrade their learning with 91影视!

Key Concepts

These are the key concepts you need to understand to accurately answer the question.

Leading Questions
Leading questions are designed in a way that suggest or guide the respondent towards a particular answer. They often include assumptions or hints about the "desired" response. For example, asking participants if they would support a new charity walk location "if it meant saving teenage lives" implies that choosing one option is inherently better. This method can manipulate the outcome as most people want to appear compassionate and therefore likely to agree. To avoid leading questions, it's important to stick to facts and present options without suggesting which one is preferable.
Respondent Bias
Respondent bias occurs when survey participants' answers are influenced by factors other than their true beliefs or feelings. In the context of surveys, bias might happen due to how questions are worded or due to social pressures. In our example, linking a survey choice to a positive societal impact might pressure respondents to choose the option that seems socially responsible, even if it's not their true preference. This type of bias can distort survey results. Ensuring questions are neutral and free from emotional baggage helps mitigate this issue and gather more genuine responses.
Question Neutrality
Question neutrality means that a survey question is structured in a way that doesn't sway the respondent towards a specific answer. In the given case, asking members which of the two locations they prefer avoids imposing any assumptions about potential outcomes. It's vital because neutral questions allow respondents to provide true feedback, unafflicted by the desire to align with expected or "right" answers. To achieve neutrality, frame questions with simple language and offer all possible options without bias.
Survey Methods
Survey methods are the approaches and techniques used to collect feedback from a target group. They can include online surveys, face-to-face interviews, or phone surveys. The choice of method can greatly affect the quality of the data collected. Effective surveys must contain balanced and clear questions. For example, if a survey for a charity event is conducted online, clear, unbiased questions are crucial for understanding authentic preferences. By carefully designing surveys and selecting appropriate methods, you can gather useful and reliable data.

One App. One Place for Learning.

All the tools & learning materials you need for study success - in one app.

Get started for free

Most popular questions from this chapter

Smoking and heart attacks A Reuters story (April 2,2003) reported that "The number of heart attack victims fell by almost \(60 \%\) at one hospital six months after a smoke-free ordinance went into effect in the area (Helena, Montana), a study showed, reinforcing concerns about second-hand smoke." The number of hospital admissions for heart attack dropped from just under seven per month to four a month during the six months after the smoking ban. a. Did this story describe an experiment or an observational study? b. In the context of this study, describe how you could explain to someone who has never studied statistics that association does not imply causation. For instance, give a potential reason that could explain this association.

Beware of online polls According to an online poll, \(46 \%\) of Americans support Apple Inc.'s decision to oppose a federal court order demanding that it unlock a smartphone used by one of the culprits responsible for the San Bernardino terrorist attacks. Mention a lurking variable that could bias the results of such an online survey, and explain how it could affect the results.

Munchie capture-recapture Your class can use the capture-recapture method described in the previous exercise to estimate the number of goldfish in a bag of Cheddar Goldfish. Pour the Cheddar Goldfish into a paper bag, which represents the pond. Sample 10 of them. For this initial sample, use Pretzel Goldfish to replace them, to represent the tagged fish. Then select a second sample and derive an estimate for \(N,\) the number of Cheddar Goldfish in the original bag. See how close your estimate comes to the actual number of fish in the bag. (Your teacher will count the population of Cheddar Goldfish in the bag before beginning the sampling.) If the estimate is not close, what could be responsible, and what would this reflect as difficulties in a real-life application such as sampling a wildlife population?

The journal Energy Policy ( 2014,\(65: 57-67)\) presents a survey of opinions about fracking. Hydraulic fracturing, or fracking, is the process of drilling through rock and injecting a pressurized mixture of sand, water, and chemicals that fractures the rock and releases oil and gas. There has been much debate in the media about its impact on the environment, on land owners, and on the economy. The survey involved contacting a nationally representative sample of 1960 adults in 2012 . Of the 1960 people contacted, 1061 adults responded to the survey. The study reported that those more familiar with fracking, women, and those holding egalitarian worldviews were more likely to oppose fracking. a. Describe the population of interest for this study. b. Explain why a census is not practical for this study. What advantages does sampling offer? c. Explain how nonresponse bias might be an issue in this study.

Multiple choice: What's a simple random sample? A simple random sample of size \(n\) is one in which a. Every \(n\) th member is selected from the population. b. Each possible sample of size \(n\) has the same chance of being selected. c. There is exactly the same proportion of women in the sample as is in the population. d. You keep sampling until you have a fixed number of people having various characteristics (e.g., males, females).
See all solutions

Recommended explanations on Math Textbooks

Discrete Mathematics

Read Explanation

Applied Mathematics

Read Explanation

Theoretical and Mathematical Physics

Read Explanation

Calculus

Read Explanation

Statistics

Read Explanation

Mechanics Maths

Read Explanation
View all explanations

What do you think about this solution?

We value your feedback to improve our textbook solutions.

Study anywhere. Anytime. Across all devices.