/*! This file is auto-generated */ .wp-block-button__link{color:#fff;background-color:#32373c;border-radius:9999px;box-shadow:none;text-decoration:none;padding:calc(.667em + 2px) calc(1.333em + 2px);font-size:1.125em}.wp-block-file__button{background:#32373c;color:#fff;text-decoration:none} Problem 8 The probability of getting a kin... [FREE SOLUTION] | 91Ó°ÊÓ

91Ó°ÊÓ

The probability of getting a king when a card is selected at random from a standard deck of 52 playing cards is \(\frac{1}{13}\). a. Give a relative frequency interpretation of this probability. b. Express the probability as a decimal rounded to three decimal places. Then complete the following statement: If a card is selected at random, I would expect to see a king about_____ times in 1000 .

Short Answer

Expert verified
a. In terms of frequency, we can expect to get a King about 7.69% of the time in a large number of draws from a standard deck. b. As a decimal, this probability is approximately 0.077. In 1000 draws, we would expect to see a King around 77 times.

Step by step solution

01

Understand the Probability

A standard deck of 52 cards contains 4 Kings. Hence the probability of getting a King on any draw is the favourable outcomes divided by total outcomes, that is, the ratio of the number of kings (4) to the total number of cards (52). So, the probability of getting a King when a card is chosen at random is \(\frac{4}{52} = \frac{1}{13}\).
02

Relative Frequency Interpretation

Part a asks for a relative frequency interpretation of this probability. In terms of relative frequency, this probability means that if we repeat the experiment of randomly drawing a card from the deck a large number of times, we would expect to get a King about \(\frac{1}{13}\) or approximately 7.69% of those times.
03

Decimal Interpretation

Part b asks to express the probability as a decimal rounded to three decimal places. Therefore, we calculate the decimal form of \(\frac{1}{13}\) which gives about 0.077.
04

Prediction in Larger Sample Size

Part b further asks to predict how often a King would be seen in 1000 draws. This can simply be calculated by multiplying the probability of getting a king by 1000. Hence, when a card is selected at random 1000 times, we should expect to see a King about \(1000 * 0.077 \approx 77\) times.

Unlock Step-by-Step Solutions & Ace Your Exams!

  • Full Textbook Solutions

    Get detailed explanations and key concepts

  • Unlimited Al creation

    Al flashcards, explanations, exams and more...

  • Ads-free access

    To over 500 millions flashcards

  • Money-back guarantee

    We refund you if you fail your exam.

Over 30 million students worldwide already upgrade their learning with 91Ó°ÊÓ!

Key Concepts

These are the key concepts you need to understand to accurately answer the question.

Relative Frequency Interpretation
When we talk about probability in card games, the relative frequency interpretation provides a practical way to understand what probability numbers actually mean in terms of outcomes. In essence, if a card game is played repeatedly, the relative frequency is the proportion of a certain outcome (like drawing a King) occurring over a large number of games or trials.

Let's put this into context with our given exercise. The probability of drawing a King from a standard deck of 52 cards is \(\frac{1}{13}\). The relative frequency interpretation suggests that if we were to repeat the action of selecting a card from the deck many, many times, we would expect to pull a King out of the deck approximately \(\frac{1}{13}\) or 7.69% of the time. This interpretation becomes more accurate as the number of trials increases. It is a powerful concept because it connects the abstract idea of probability with the real-world outcomes we can observe and count.
Decimal Probability
Probability can also be expressed in decimal form, which is often more intuitive for understanding and calculation purposes, especially when dealing with predictions or expected occurrences over multiple trials. Converting a fraction to a decimal can be done simply by dividing the numerator by the denominator.

In the case of getting a King from a deck of 52 cards, the fractional probability is \(\frac{1}{13}\), which when converted into decimal form is approximately 0.077, rounded to three decimal places. This decimal representation reveals a more immediate grasp of the likelihood of the event – that there is a little under an 8% chance of drawing a King at any given draw. This conversion is of particular importance when you are trying to calculate the expected occurrences over a set number of trials, like predicting how often a King will appear in 1000 draws.
Expected Value
Expected value is a core concept in probability that represents the average result or outcome one can expect if an experiment is repeated many times. It takes into account all possible outcomes and the probabilities of those outcomes. This concept is crucial when assessing games of chance and can help us predict winnings or losses over time.

In our exercise, when predicting the number of times we would see a King in 1000 card drawings, we multiply the probability of drawing a King, in decimal form (0.077), by the number of draws (1000). This gives us an expected value of 77 Kings. Thus, if someone were to draw cards from the deck 1000 times, on average, they can expect to draw a King about 77 times. It's important to remember that the expected value is an average, so in practice, the actual number might be slightly more or less, but over time the average will trend towards the expected value.

One App. One Place for Learning.

All the tools & learning materials you need for study success - in one app.

Get started for free

Most popular questions from this chapter

An article in the New York Times reported that people who suffer cardiac arrest in New York City have only a 1 in 100 chance of survival. Using probability notation, an equivalent statement would be \(P(\) survival \()=0.01\) for people who suffer cardiac arrest in New York City. (The article attributed this poor survival rate to factors common in large cities: traffic congestion and difficulty finding victims in large buildings. Similar studies in smaller cities showed higher survival rates.) a. Give a relative frequency interpretation of the given probability. b. The basis for the New York Times article was a research study of 2,329 consecutive cardiac arrests in New York City. To justify the " 1 in 100 chance of survival" statement, how many of the 2,329 cardiac arrest sufferers do you think survived? Explain.

Suppose you want to estimate the probability that a randomly selected customer at a particular grocery store will pay by credit card. Over the past 3 months, 80,500 payments were made, and 37,100 of them were by credit card. What is the estimated probability that a randomly selected customer will pay by credit card?

Roulette is a game of chance that involves spinning a wheel that is divided into 38 equal segments, as shown in the accompanying picture. A metal ball is tossed into the wheel as it is spinning, and the ball eventually lands in one of the 38 segments. Each segment has an associated color. Two segments are green. Half of the other 36 segments are red, and the others are black. When a balanced roulette wheel is spun, the ball is equally likely to land in any one of the 38 segments. a. When a balanced roulette wheel is spun, what is the probability that the ball lands in a red segment? b. In the roulette wheel shown, black and red segments alternate. Suppose instead that all red segments were grouped together and that all black segments were together. Does this increase the probability that the ball will land in a red segment? Explain. c. Suppose that you watch 1000 spins of a roulette wheel and note the color that results from each spin. What would be an indication that the wheel was not balanced?

A large retail store sells MP3 players. A customer who purchases an MP3 player can pay either by cash or credit card. An extended warranty is also available for purchase. Suppose that the events \(M=\) event that the customer paid by cash \(E=\) event that the customer purchased an extended warranty are independent with \(P(M)=0.47\) and \(P(E)=0.16\). a. Construct a "hypothetical 1000 " table with columns corresponding to cash or credit card and rows corresponding to whether or not an extended warranty is purchased. (Hint: See Example 5.9) b. Use the table to find \(P(M \cup E)\). Give a long-run relative frequency interpretation of this probability.

An appliance manufacturer offers extended warranties on its washers and dryers. Based on past sales, the manufacturer reports that of customers buying both a washer and a dryer, \(52 \%\) purchase the extended warranty for the washer, \(47 \%\) purchase the extended warranty for the dryer, and \(59 \%\) purchase at least one of the two extended warranties. a. Use the given probability information to set up a "hypothetical 1000 " table. b. Use the table from Part (a) to find the following probabilities: i. the probability that a randomly selected customer who buys a washer and a dryer purchases an extended warranty for both the washer and the dryer. ii. the probability that a randomly selected customer purchases an extended warranty for neither the washer nor the dryer.

See all solutions

Recommended explanations on Math Textbooks

View all explanations

What do you think about this solution?

We value your feedback to improve our textbook solutions.

Study anywhere. Anytime. Across all devices.