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Chapter 1: Problem 9

For each of the statistical studies described, indicate whether the study is an observational study or an experiment. Give a brief explanation for your choice. In a study of whether taking a garlic supplement reduces the risk of getting a cold, 146 participants were assigned to either a garlic supplement group or to a group that did not take a garlic supplement ("Garlic for the Common Cold," Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 2009). Based on the study, it was concluded that the proportion of people taking a garlic supplement who get a cold is lower than the proportion of those not taking a garlic supplement who get a cold.

Short Answer

Expert verified
The study is an experiment because one variable, the intake of a garlic supplement, was manipulated and controlled in the study. Participants were divided into two groups with different conditions, and the outcome was measured to find a potential cause-effect relationship.

Step by step solution

01

Identify the Nature of the Study

Analyze the description of the statistical study. Here, participants in the study were assigned into two groups. One group was assigned to take the garlic supplement, while the other group did not take the supplement.
02

Assess if the Variable was Manipulated

Determine if any variable within the study was manipulated. In the description, it is mentioned that the variable of taking a garlic supplement was manipulated and controlled.
03

Determine the Type of the Study

If there was a manipulated variable then the study is an experiment. Therefore, since a variable was manipulated in the study in question, it qualifies as an experiment.

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Key Concepts

These are the key concepts you need to understand to accurately answer the question.

Garlic Supplement Study
The garlic supplement study aimed to explore whether taking garlic supplements can reduce the risk of catching a cold. For this study, researchers grouped 146 participants into two categories. One group received garlic supplements, while the other did not. This setup is crucial in understanding the nature of the study. By observing the outcomes in both groups, researchers were able to draw conclusions about the effect of garlic supplements on cold occurrences.

From this study, it was concluded that those who took garlic supplements had a lower incidence of colds compared to those who did not. The study's approach allows for a direct comparison between the two groups, offering insights into the potential benefits of garlic.
  • Participants were divided into two groups.
  • One group took garlic supplements.
  • The other group did not take any supplements.
  • The results focused on the incidence of colds in each group.
This study showcases how specific interventions or lifestyle changes can be assessed for potential health benefits.
Variable Manipulation
In the context of this study, variable manipulation refers to the systematic control or change of a variable to observe its effect. In this case, the manipulated variable was the intake of garlic supplements.

Participants were intentionally assigned to consume a garlic supplement or not, allowing researchers to observe any differences in cold incidences. This manipulation is a hallmark of an experimental design, where researchers actively change or control something in the study setting.
  • Garlic supplement intake was controlled by assigning participants to groups.
  • This allowed for a clear examination of the supplement's effect.
  • By manipulating the variable, a causal link can be tested.
Such manipulation is essential for understanding causality as it provides a foundation for determining if and how the garlic supplements influence the occurrence of colds.
Statistical Studies Explanation
Statistical studies come in two main types: observational studies and experiments. Each serves a different purpose and method of data collection.

Observational studies involve observing outcomes without manipulating the variables. Researchers simply collect data as it naturally occurs. For example, they might track the health of people who already take garlic supplements without altering their behavior.

On the other hand, experiments, like the garlic supplement study, involve the manipulation of one or more variables. Here, researchers actively assign different conditions to participants to evaluate the effect of these conditions on outcomes.
  • Observational Studies: No manipulation, observe natural occurrences.
  • Experiments: Manipulation occurs to determine cause and effect.
Understanding the differences between these two types of statistical studies is crucial for accurately interpreting research findings.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

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