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Chapter 1: Q24. (page 51)

Who is better at multi-tasking? In business, employees are often asked to perform a complex task when their attention is divided (i.e., multi-tasking). Human Factors (May 2014) published a study designed to determine whether video game players are better than non鈥搗ideo game players at multi-tasking. Each in a sample of 60 college students was classified as a video game player or a nonplayer. Participants entered a street crossing simulator and were asked to cross a busy street at an unsigned intersection. The simulator was designed to have cars traveling at various high rates of speed in both directions. During the crossing, the students also performed a memory task as a distraction. Two variables were measured for each student: (1) a street crossing performance score (measured out of 100 points) and (2) a memory task score (measured out of 20 points). The researchers found no differences in either the street crossing performance or memory task score of video game players and non-gamers. 鈥淭hese results,鈥� say the researchers, 鈥渟uggest that action video game players [and non-gamers] are equally susceptible to the costs of dividing attention in a complex task鈥�.

a. Identify the experimental unit for this study.

b. Identify the variables measured as quantitative or qualitative.

c. Is this an application of descriptive statistics or inferential statistics? Explain.

Short Answer

Expert verified

a. The students participating in the street crossing performance and memory task games.

b. The street crossing performance scores and memory task scores are quantitative.

c. Inferential statistics.

Step by step solution

01

Identifying the Experimental unit

The experimental unit mainly indicates the objects considered in the research process.In this experiment, the type of object is the students, as their scores are considered in the research process.

02

Categorizing the variables as qualitative and quantitative

The street crossing performance scores and memory task scores are quantitative because scores are always numerical. The scores can be used for mathematical and statistical analysis, and so they are quantitative and not qualitative.

03

Specifying the statistics study

The study involves analyzing the data via statistical calculations to conclude the relationship between the scores.As several statistical conclusions are drawn based on the scores, it is an application of inferential statistics.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

List and define the five elements of an inferential statistical analysis.

Guilt in decision making. The effect of guilt emotion on how a decision maker focuses on the problem was investigated in the Journal of Behavioral Decision Making (January 2007). A total of 171 volunteer students participated in the experiment, where each was randomly assigned to one of three emotional states (guilt, anger, or neutral) through a reading/writing task. Immediately after the task, the students were presented with a decision problem (e.g., whether or not to spend money on repairing a very old car). The researchers found that a higher proportion of students in the guilty-state group chose to repair the car than those in the neutral-state and anger-state groups.

a. Identify the population, sample, and variables measured for this study.

b. Identify the data-collection method used.

c. What inference was made by the researcher?

d. In later chapters you will learn that the reliability of an inference is related to the size of the sample used. In addition to sample size, what factors might affect the reliability of the inference drawn in this study?

Monitoring the production of soft-drink cans. The Wakefield plant of Coca-Cola and Schweppes Beverages Limited (CCSB) can produce 4,000 cans of soft drink per minute. The automated process consists of measuring and dispensing the raw ingredients into storage vessels to create the syrup and then injecting the syrup, along with carbon dioxide, into the beverage cans. In order to monitor the sub process that adds carbon dioxide to the cans, five filled cans are pulled off the line every 15 minutes, and the amount of carbon dioxide in each of these five cans is measured to determine whether the amounts are within prescribed limits.

a. Describe the process studied.

b. Describe the variable of interest.

c. Describe the sample.

d. Describe the inference of interest.

e. Brix is a unit for measuring sugar concentration. If a technician is assigned the task of estimating the average brix level of all 240,000 cans of beverage stored in a warehouse near Wakefield, will the technician be examining a process or a population? Explain.

List the three major methods of collecting data and explain their differences.

The economic return to earning an MBA. What are the economic rewards (e.g., higher salary) to obtaining an MBA degree? This was the question of interest in an article published in the International Economic Review (August 2008). The researchers made inferences based on wage data collected for a sample of 3,244 individuals who sat for the Graduate Management Admissions Test (GMAT). (The GMAT exam is required for entrance into most MBA programs.) The following sampling scheme was employed. All those who took the GMAT exam in any of four selected time periods were mailed a questionnaire. Those who responded to the questionnaire were then sent three follow-up surveys (one survey every 3 months). The final sample of 3,244 represents only those individuals who responded to all four surveys. (For example, about 5,600 took the GMAT in one time period; of these, only about 800 responded to all four surveys.)

A. For this study, describe the population of interest.

b. What method was used to collect the sample data?

c. Do you think the final sample is representative of the population? Why or why not? Comment on potential biases in the sample.
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