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Chapter 1: Q15. (page 49)

Question: Performance-based logistics. In industry, performance-based logistics (PBL) strategies are increasingly popular ways to reduce cost, increase revenue, and attain customer satisfaction. The Journal of Business Logistics (Vol. 36, 2015) used the opinions of a sample of 17 upper-level employees of the U.S. Department of Defense and its suppliers to determine the factors that lead to successful PBL projects. The current position (e.g., vice president, manager [mgr.]), type of organization (commercial or government), and years of experience were measured for each employee interviewed. These data are listed below. Identify each variable measured as producing quantitative or qualitative data.

Interviews

Position

Organization

Experience (years)

1

Vice president

Commercial

30

2

Post production

Government

15

3

Analyst

Commercial

10

4

Senior mgr.

Government

30

5

Support chief

Commercial

30

6

Specialist

Government

25

7

Senior analyst

Government

9

8

Division chief

Government

6

9

Item mgr.

Government

3

10

Senior mgr.

Government

20

11

MRO mgr.

Government

25

12

Logistics mgr.

Government

30

13

MRO mgr.

Commercial

10

14

MRO mgr.

Commercial

5

15

MRO mgr.

Commercial

10

16

Specialist

Government

20

17

Chief

Government

25

Short Answer

Expert verified

The 鈥榗urrent position鈥� and 鈥榦rganization鈥� are qualitative, but the 鈥榚xperience鈥� in number of years is quantitative.

Step by step solution

01

Providing the difference between qualitative and quantitative variables

Qualitative data does not contain numbers because that data does not include any quantitative variable. Quantitative data, on the other hand, is quantitative or numerical in nature as the data includes numerical variables.The 鈥榗urrent position鈥� and 鈥榦rganization鈥� are qualitative, but the 鈥榚xperience鈥� in number of years is quantitative.

02

Explaining the reason for the variables to be qualitative or quantitative

The position of an employee and the organization type cannot be in numerical form as they represent names for which they are qualitative. The experiences of employees can be quantitative because the experience of an employee is determined by the number of years, which is numerical in nature.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Give an example of unethical statistical practice.

Accounting and Machiavellianism. Behavioral Research in Accounting (January 2008) published a study of Machiavellian traits in accountants. Machiavellian describes negative character traits that include manipulation, cunning, duplicity, deception, and bad faith. A questionnaire was administered to a random sample of 700 accounting alumni of a large southwestern university; however, due to nonresponse and incomplete answers, only 198 questionnaires could be analyzed. Several variables were measured, including age, gender, level of education, income, job satisfaction score, and Machiavellian (鈥淢ach鈥�) rating score. The research findings suggest that Machiavellian behavior is not required to achieve success in the accounting profession.

a. What is the population of interest to the researcher?

b. What type of data (quantitative or qualitative) is produced by each of the variables measured?

c. Identify the sample.

d. Identify the data-collection method used.

e. What inference was made by the researcher?

f. How might the nonresponses impact the inference?

Inspection of highway bridges. All highway bridges in the United States are inspected periodically for structural deficiency by the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA). Data from the FHWA inspections are compiled into the National Bridge Inventory (NBI). Several of the nearly 100 variables maintained by the NBI are listed below. Classify each variable as quantitative or qualitative.

a. Length of maximum span (feet)

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c. Toll bridge (yes or no)

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e. Condition of deck (good, fair, or poor)

f. Bypass or detour length (miles)

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Random-digit dialing. To ascertain the effectiveness of their advertising campaigns, firms frequently conduct telephone interviews with consumers using random-digit dialing. With this approach, a random number generator mechanically creates the sample of phone numbers to be called. Each digit in the phone number is randomly selected from the possible digits 0, 1, 2, . . . , 9. Use the procedure to generate five seven-digit telephone numbers whose first three digits (area code) are 373.

Jamming attacks on wireless networks. Terrorists often use wireless networks to communicate. To disrupt these communications, the U.S. military uses jamming attacks on the wireless networks. The International Journal of Production Economics (Vol. 172, 2016) described a study of 80 such jamming attacks. The configuration of the wireless network attacked was determined in each case. Configuration consists of network type (WLAN, WSN, or AHN) and number of channels (single- or multi-channel).

a. Suppose the 80 jamming attacks represent all jamming attacks by the U.S. military over the past several years, and these attacks are the only attacks of interest to the researchers. Do the data associated with these 80 attacks represent a population or a sample? Explain.

b. The 80 jamming attacks actually represent a sample. Describe the population for which this sample is representative.

c. Identify the variable 鈥渘etwork type鈥� as quantitative or qualitative.

d. Identify the variable 鈥渘umber of channels鈥� as quantitative or qualitative.

e. Explain how to measure number of channels quantitatively?
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