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Chapter 2: Q64-E (page 104)

Question: Hotels鈥� use of ecolabels.Refer to the Journal of Vacation Marketing(January 2016) study of travelers鈥� familiaritywith ecolabels used by hotels, Exercise 2.42 (p. 94). Recallthat a sample of 392 adult travelers were shown a list of6 different ecolabels, and asked, 鈥淗ow familiar are youwith this ecolabel, on a scale of 1 (not familiar at all) to5 (very familiar).鈥� The mean and standard deviation ofthe responses for each ecolabel are provided in the table.Which of the ecolabels had the most variation in numericalresponses? Explain.

Ecolabel

Mean

Std. Dev.

Energy Star

4.44

0.82

TripAdvisor

3.57

1.38

Green Leaders Audubon

2.41

1.44

International U.S Green

2.28

1.39

Building Council Green Business

2.25

1.39

Green Key

2.01

1.30

Short Answer

Expert verified

Green Leaders Audubon has the most variation in numerical responses.

Step by step solution

01

Meaning of Standard Deviation

Standard deviation helps us understand the variation in the data set or how far the data is spread from the mean.When the standard deviation is high, the data is spread out far from the mean. When it is low, the data is very close to the mean.

02

Identifying the ecolabel with the most variation

As the standard deviation value is the highest for Green Leaders Audubon, we can infer that it has the most variation in numerical response. The responses are spread out far from the mean and are highly varied.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Consider the following sample of five measurements: 2, 1, 1, 0, 3.

a.Calculate the range, s2, and s.

b.Add 3 to each measurement and repeat part a.

c.Subtract 4 from each measurement and repeat part a.

d.Considering your answers to parts a, b, and c, what seems to be the effect on the variability of a data set by adding the same number to or subtracting the same number from each measurement?

Management system failures.The U.S. Chemical Safety and Hazard Investigation Board (CSB) is responsible for determining the root cause of industrial accidents (Process Safety Progress, December 2004). The accompanying table gives a breakdown of the root causes of 83 incidents caused by management system failures.

Management System Cause

Category

Number of Incidents

Engineering & Design

Procedures & Practices

Management & Oversight

Training & Communication

27

24

22

10

Total

83

a.Find the relative frequency of the number of incidents for each cause category.

b.Construct a Pareto diagram for the data.

c.From the Pareto diagram, identify the cause categories with the highest (and lowest) the relative frequency of incidents.

Permeability of sandstone during weathering.Refer to the Geographical Analysis(Vol. 42, 2010) study of the decay properties of sandstone when exposed to the weather, Exercises 2.47 and 2.65 (pp. 96 and 104). Recall that slices of sandstone blocks were measured for permeability under three conditions: no exposure to any type of weathering (A), repeatedly sprayed with a 10% salt solution (B), and soaked in a 10% salt solution and dried (C).

a.Combine the mean (from Exercise 2.47) and standard deviation (from Exercise 2.65) to make a statement about where most of the permeability measurements for Group A sandstone slices will fall. Which rule did you use to make this inference and why?

b.Repeat part afor Group B sandstone slices.

c.Repeat part afor Group C sandstone slices.

d.Based on all your analyses, which type of weathering (type A, B, or C) appears to result in faster decay (i.e., higher permeability measurements)?

If the range of a set of data is 20, find a rough approximation to the standard deviation of the data set.

Blue- vs. red-colored exam study. In a study of how external clues influence performance, university professors gave two different forms of a midterm examination to a large group of introductory students. The questions on the exam were identical and in the same order, but one exam was printed on blue paper and the other on red paper (Teaching Psychology, May 1998). Grading only the difficult questions on the exam, the researchers found that scores on the blue exam had a distribution with a mean of 53% and a standard deviation of 15%, while scores on the red exam had a distribution with a mean of 39% and a standard deviation of 12%. (Assume that both distributions are approximately mound-shaped and symmetric.)

a. Give an interpretation of the standard deviation for the students who took the blue exam.

b. Give an interpretation of the standard deviation for the students who took the red exam.

c. Suppose a student is selected at random from the group of students who participated in the study and the student鈥檚 score on the difficult questions is 20%. Which exam form is the student more likely to have taken, the blue or the red exam? Explain.
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