/*! This file is auto-generated */ .wp-block-button__link{color:#fff;background-color:#32373c;border-radius:9999px;box-shadow:none;text-decoration:none;padding:calc(.667em + 2px) calc(1.333em + 2px);font-size:1.125em}.wp-block-file__button{background:#32373c;color:#fff;text-decoration:none} Q. 87 Cryptography; One method of encr... [FREE SOLUTION] | 91Ó°ÊÓ

91Ó°ÊÓ

Cryptography; One method of encryption is to use a matrix to encrypt the message and then use the corresponding inverse matrix to decode the message. The encrypted matrix, E, is obtained by multiplying the message matrix, M, by a key matrix, K. The original message can be retrieved by multiplying the encrypted matrix by the inverse of the key matrix. That is, E=M·Kand M=E·K-1.

(a) Given the key matrix K=211110111, find its inverse, K-1. [Note: This key matrix is known as the Q23Fibonacci encryption matrix.]

(b) Use your result from part (a) to decode the encrypted matrix E=473433443627474120

(c) Each entry in your result for part (b) represents the position of a letter in the English alphabet (A=1,B=2,C=3,and so on). What is the original message?

Short Answer

Expert verified

(a) The inverse of the key matrix =10-1-1110-11

(b) The message matrix is M=13120891962114

(c) The original message is "Math is fun".

Step by step solution

01

Step 1. Given data

The encrypted matrixE, is obtained by multiplying the message matrixM, by a key matrixK. The original message can be retrieved by multiplying the encrypted matrix by the inverse of the key matrix. That is, E=M.Kand M=E·K-1.

We have the given key matrix K=211110111

02

Step 2. Inverse matrix

(b) First we have to find K∣I3first, we have to form

K∣I3=211100110010111001

Now let us convert the left side of the matrix into its reduced echelon form.

By performing the operation R1=r12,

221212120202110010111001→112121200110010111001

Substracting the first row from the second row,

1121212001−11−120−120−121−00−0111001→112121200012−12−1210111001

subtracting the first row from the third row,

112121200012−12−12101−11−121−120−120−01−0→112121200012−12−121001212−1201

Multiply the second row by 2

1121212002⋅02⋅122−122−122⋅12⋅001212−1201→11212120001−1−12001212−1201

Perform the operation R3=r3-r22we get,

11212120001−1−1200−012−1212+12−12+120−11−0→11212120001−1−1200010−11

Perform the operation R1=r1-r22

1−012−1212+1212+120−10−001−1−1200010−11→1 â¶Ä…â¶Ä…â¶Ä…0 â¶Ä…â¶Ä…â¶Ä…1 â¶Ä…â¶Ä…â¶Ä…1 â¶Ä…â¶Ä…â¶Ä…−1 â¶Ä…â¶Ä…â¶Ä…00 â¶Ä…â¶Ä…â¶Ä…1 â¶Ä…â¶Ä…â¶Ä…−1 â¶Ä…â¶Ä…â¶Ä…−1 â¶Ä…â¶Ä…â¶Ä…2 â¶Ä…â¶Ä…â¶Ä…00 â¶Ä…â¶Ä…â¶Ä…0 â¶Ä…â¶Ä…â¶Ä…1 â¶Ä…â¶Ä…â¶Ä…0 â¶Ä…â¶Ä…â¶Ä…−1 â¶Ä…â¶Ä…â¶Ä…1

Subtract the third row from the first row,

1−00−01−11−0−1−(−1)0−101−1−1200010−11→10010−101−1−1200010−11

Add second and third row, we get

10010−10+01+0−1+1−1+02−10+10010−11→10010−1010−1110010−11

Therefore, the inverse key matrix is1 â¶Ä…â¶Ä…â¶Ä…0 â¶Ä…â¶Ä…â¶Ä…−1−1 â¶Ä…â¶Ä…â¶Ä…1 â¶Ä…â¶Ä…â¶Ä…10 â¶Ä…â¶Ä…â¶Ä…−1 â¶Ä…â¶Ä…â¶Ä…1

03

Step 3. Messege matrix

(b)To find the message matrix M,we have to find the product of the two matrices K-1and E.

EK−1=47343344362747412010−1−1110−11=47−3434−33−47+34+3344−3636−27−44+36+2747−4141−20−47+41+20=13120891962114

The message matrix M=13120891962114

04

Step 4. Original message

(c) Each number in the matrix represents a letter of the English alphabet. Therefore,

13120891962114
MATHISFUN

Hence, the original message is "Math is fun".

Unlock Step-by-Step Solutions & Ace Your Exams!

  • Full Textbook Solutions

    Get detailed explanations and key concepts

  • Unlimited Al creation

    Al flashcards, explanations, exams and more...

  • Ads-free access

    To over 500 millions flashcards

  • Money-back guarantee

    We refund you if you fail your exam.

Over 30 million students worldwide already upgrade their learning with 91Ó°ÊÓ!

One App. One Place for Learning.

All the tools & learning materials you need for study success - in one app.

Get started for free

Most popular questions from this chapter

Kelly has \(20,000 to invest. As her financial

planner, you recommend that she diversify into three investments: Treasury bills that yield 5% simple interest, Treasury bonds that yield 7% simple interest, and corporate bonds that yield 10% simple interest. Kelly wishes to earn \)1390 per year in income. Also, Kelly wants her investment in Treasury bills to be $3000

more than her investment in corporate bonds. How much money should Kelly place in each investment?

In 2005 there was a total of 55 commercial

and noncommercial orbital launches worldwide. In addition, the number of noncommercial orbital launches was one more than twice the number of commercial orbital launches. Determine the number of commercial and noncommercial orbital launches in 2005.

Ice Cream The Mom and Pop Ice Cream Company makes two kinds of chocolate ice cream: regular and premium. The properties of 1 gallon (gal) of each type are shown in the table:

In addition, current commitments require the company to make at least 1 gal of premium for every 4 gal of regular. Each day, the company has available 725 pounds (lb) of flavoring and 425lbof milk-fat products. If the company can ship no more than 3000 lb of product per day, how many gallons of each type should be produced daily to maximize profit?

Constructing a Box: A rectangular piece of cardboard, whose area is 216 square centimeters, is made into an open box by cutting a 2-centimeter square from each corner and turning up the sides. See the figure. If the box is to have a volume of 224 cubic centimeters, what size cardboard should you start with?

True or False If any row (or any column) of a determinant is multiplied by a nonzero number k, the value of the determinant remains unchanged.

See all solutions

Recommended explanations on Math Textbooks

View all explanations

What do you think about this solution?

We value your feedback to improve our textbook solutions.

Study anywhere. Anytime. Across all devices.