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Projectile Motion An object is propelled upward at an angle θ,45°<θ<90°, to the horizontal with an initial velocity of v0feet per second from the base of a plane that makes an angle of 45°with the horizontal. See the illustration. If air resistance is ignored, the distance Rthat it travels up the inclined plane is given by the function

R(θ)=v02216cosθ(sinθ-cosθ)

(a) Show that R(θ)=v02232[sin(2θ)-cos(2θ)-1]

(b)In calculus, you will be asked to find the angle θthat maximizes Rby solving the equation

sin(2θ)+cos(2θ)=0

Solve this equation for θ

(c)What is the maximum distance Rif v0=32feet per second?

(d)Graph R=R(θ), 45°≤θ≤90°, and find the angle θthat maximizes the distance R. Also find the maximum distance. Use v0=32feet per second. Compare the results with the answers found earlier.

Short Answer

Expert verified

The value is R67.5°=64-322,the graph is

and the maximum range is achieved atθ=67.5°

Step by step solution

01

Part (a) Step 1: Given information

Given the object is propelled at an angle45°<θ<90°

02

Part (a) Step 2:  Use the trigonometric identity and calculate

Calculating, we get

sinθcosθ=sin(2θ)2cos2θ=cos(2θ)+12

03

Part (a) Step 3: Calculating the value

Calculating, we get

R(θ)=v02216cosθ(sinθ-cosθ)R(θ)=v02216cosθ(sinθ-cosθ)R(θ)=v02216sinθcosθ-cos2θR(θ)=v02216sinθcosθ-cos2θR(θ)=v02216sin(2θ)2-cos2θR(θ)=v02216sin(2θ)2-cos(2θ)+12R(θ)=v0221612[sin(2θ)-cos(2θ)-1]R(θ)=v02232[sin(2θ)-cos(2θ)-1]

04

Part (b) Step 1: Given information

Given the expression

05

Part (b) Step 2: Use trigonometric identity and calculate the value

Calculating, we get

sin(2θ)cos(2θ)+1=0tan2θ+1=0tan2θ=-12θ=arctan(-1)2θ=135°,315°θ=67.5°,157.5°

Since45°<θ<90°,θ=67.5°

06

Part (c) Step 1: Given information

Givenv0=32ft/sec

07

Part (c) Step 2: Substituting the values and evaluating

Substituting, we get

R(θ)=v02232[sin(2θ)-cos(2θ)-1]R67.5°=(32)2232sin2·67.5°-cos2·67.5°-1R67.5°=322sin135°-cos135°-1R67.5°=32222+22-1R67.5°=322(2-1)R67.5°=64-322

08

Part (d) Step 1: Given information

GivenR=R(θ),45°≤θ≤90°

09

Part (d) Step 2: Sketching the graph

The graph is

From the graph, we can see that the maximum distance Ris achieved at θ=67.5°with value (64-322)ft, identical to the answers from the computations above.

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