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Projectile Motion Suppose that Adam hits a golf ball off a cliff 300 meters high with an initial speed of 40 meters per second at an angle of 45° to the horizontal.

(a) Find parametric equations that model the position of the ball as a function of time.

(b) How long is the ball in the air?

(c) Determine the horizontal distance that the ball travels.

(d) When is the ball at its maximum height? Determine the maximum height of the ball.

(e) Using a graphing utility, simultaneously graph the equations found in part (a).

Short Answer

Expert verified

(a) The parametric equations arex=40cos45∘t,y=-4.9t2+40sin45∘t+300

(b) The ball is in the air for 11.23 sec.

(c) The horizontal distance the ball travels is 317.52 meters.

(d) The time taken for maximum height is 2.89 sec and maximum height is 340.82 m.

(e) The graph is shown in the figure.

Step by step solution

01

Step 1. Given Information

Given initial speed v0=40m/sand height of 300 ft. with an angleα=45∘

02

Part (a) Step 1. Finding Parametric Equations

We have x=(v0cosθ)t

where xrepresent how far the object travel in time t.

role="math" localid="1649009028138" x=40cos45∘t

and y=-12gt2+v0sinθt+h

where yrepresent the height of the object

y=-129.8t2+40sin45∘t+300y=-4.9t2+40sin45∘t+300

03

Part (b) Step 1. Finding for how long the ball is in the air

Let us set the height y=0

y=-4.9t2+40sin45∘t+300

t=-40sin45±-40sin452-4-4.93002-4.9t=-28.28±81.73-9.8t=-28.28+81.73-9.8or-28.28-81.73-9.8t=-5.45or11.23

negative is not valid.

Thus the ball was in the air for11.23sec.

04

Part (c) Step 1. Finding horizontal distance 

From x=40cos45∘t

x=40cos45∘11.23x=317.52

the horizontal displacement made by ball is317.52m

05

Part (d) Step 1. Finding the time when the ball is at maximum height

Use t=-b2a

t=-40sin45∘2-4.9=2.89

At 2.89sec.the ball was at maximum point

06

340.82mPart (d) Step 2. Finding maximum height

From y=-4.9t2+40sin45∘t+300

y=-4.92.892+40sin45∘2.89+300y=340.82m

Therefore, the maximum height is

07

Part (e) Step 1. Graphing Equations

Enter the parametric equations

X1T=40cos45∘t,Y1T=-4.9t2+40sin45∘t+300

Select the viewing window

Tmin=-5.45,T,max=11.23,Tstep=0.1Xmin=0,Xmax=350,Xstep=1Ymin=-120,Y,max=500,Ystep=1

Select the graph button.

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