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91Ó°ÊÓ

Round each answer to one decimal place. A regular pentagon is inscribed in a circle of radius 1 unit. Find the perimeter of the pentagon. Hint: First find the length of a side using the law of cosines.

Short Answer

Expert verified
The perimeter of the pentagon is approximately 5.9 units.

Step by step solution

01

Understand the Problem

We need to find the perimeter of a regular pentagon inscribed in a circle with a radius of 1 unit. To do this, we need to find the length of each side of the pentagon using the law of cosines. The pentagon is regular, meaning all sides are equal, and each central angle will measure \( \frac{360^\circ}{5} = 72^\circ \).
02

Set Up the Law of Cosines

In a regular pentagon inscribed in a circle, each side subtends a 72° angle. The sides of the triangle are two radii and one side of the pentagon. Using the law of cosines, we can find the length \( a \) of one side of the pentagon: \[ a^2 = 1^2 + 1^2 - 2 \cdot 1 \cdot 1 \cdot \cos(72^\circ) \] Simplifying gives \[ a^2 = 2 - 2\cos(72^\circ) \].
03

Calculate Cosine Value

Calculate \( \cos(72^\circ) \). Using a calculator, we find that \( \cos(72^\circ) \approx 0.309 \). Substituting this back, we get: \[ a^2 = 2 - 2 \times 0.309 = 2 - 0.618 = 1.382 \].
04

Solve for Side Length

Take the square root of both sides to solve for \( a \), the length of one side of the pentagon: \[ a = \sqrt{1.382} \approx 1.175 \].
05

Calculate Perimeter

The perimeter of the pentagon is the sum of all its sides. Since all sides are equal, multiply the side length by 5: \[ \text{Perimeter} = 5 \times 1.175 = 5.875 \]. Round this to one decimal place to get: \[ 5.9 \].

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Key Concepts

These are the key concepts you need to understand to accurately answer the question.

Law of Cosines
The Law of Cosines is crucial when dealing with problems involving triangles that aren't right-angled. It's an extension of the Pythagorean theorem and relates the lengths of the sides of a triangle to the cosine of one of its angles. Specifically, the formula is:
  • For any triangle with sides of length \(a\), \(b\), and \(c\), and an angle \(C\) opposite side \(c\), it holds that:\[ c^2 = a^2 + b^2 - 2ab\cos(C) \]
In our exercise, each side of the inscribed pentagon can be seen as forming part of an isosceles triangle with two sides being the radii from the circle's center. Here, each central angle measures 72 degrees, thanks to the divisibility in regular polygons. By applying the Law of Cosines, we pinpoint the side length of the pentagon given the known radii. This approach allows us to piece together the polygon's entire perimeter with precision.
Regular Pentagon
A regular pentagon is a five-sided polygon where all sides are equal in length, and all internal angles are equal. Each internal angle in a regular pentagon is 108 degrees. A fascinating property of regular polygons, like our pentagon, lies in their symmetry and the fact that they can be inscribed in a circle. This means all vertices of the pentagon touch the circle, and the center of the circle is equidistant from every vertex.
  • In our specific problem, the pentagon's equal sides simplify calculating its perimeter once we have determined the length of one side.
  • When inscribed, the division of the circle's 360 degrees into 5 equal parts results in a central angle of 72 degrees, forming a crucial part of our calculations using the Law of Cosines.
Understanding regular polygons allows us to effectively use symmetry and geometric properties to solve problems like these.
Circle Geometry
Circle geometry is a branch of mathematics focusing on circles, their properties, and the relationships between them and other geometric figures, such as polygons. In circle geometry, the word 'inscribed' is key. It means that all the vertices of the inscribed figure lay precisely on the circle. In our exercise, the circle has a given radius of 1 unit and serves as a reference for all calculations. The inscribed pentagon's symmetric positioning within the circle takes advantage of the effective radians and degree measure.
  • The symmetry means that each triangle formed with circle radii is isosceles, facilitating easier perimeter calculations.
  • Understanding circle geometry provides insight into spatial reasoning and helps to apply geometric theorems efficiently.
By applying these concepts, solving for the polygon's perimeter becomes a manageable task, showing the practical power of circle geometry.

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