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A sum of \(\$ 3000\) is placed in a savings account at \(6 \%\) per annum. How much is in the account after 1 year if the interest is compounded (a) annually? (b) semiannually? (c) daily?

Short Answer

Expert verified
(a) $3180 (b) $3182.70 (c) $3184.45

Step by step solution

01

Understanding Compound Interest

To find out how much is in the account after 1 year with compound interest, we use the compound interest formula: \[ A = P \left(1 + \frac{r}{n}\right)^{nt} \] where:- \(A\) is the amount in the account after time \(t\),- \(P\) is the principal amount (initial deposit),- \(r\) is the annual interest rate (in decimal),- \(n\) is the number of times interest is compounded per year, - \(t\) is the time in years.
02

Compound Annually

For annual compounding, the interest is compounded once per year (\(n = 1\)). The principal amount \(P\) is \\(3000, the rate \(r\) is \(0.06\), and the time \(t\) is 1 year. Plugging these values into the formula, we get:\[ A = 3000 \left(1 + \frac{0.06}{1}\right)^{1 \times 1} \]\[ A = 3000 \times 1.06 \]\[ A = 3180 \]So, the account total after 1 year is \\)3180.
03

Compound Semiannually

For semiannual compounding, the interest is compounded twice per year (\(n = 2\)). Using the same principal, rate, and time:\[ A = 3000 \left(1 + \frac{0.06}{2}\right)^{2 \times 1} \]\[ A = 3000 \left(1 + 0.03\right)^{2} \]\[ A = 3000 \times 1.0609 \]\[ A = 3182.70 \]So, the account total after 1 year is \$3182.70.
04

Compound Daily

For daily compounding, the interest is compounded 365 times a year (\(n = 365\)). Again using the principal, rate, and time values:\[ A = 3000 \left(1 + \frac{0.06}{365}\right)^{365 \times 1} \]\[ A = 3000 \times 1.0618 \]\[ A \approx 3184.45 \]Thus, the balance in the account after 1 year with daily compounding is approximately \$3184.45.

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Key Concepts

These are the key concepts you need to understand to accurately answer the question.

Annual Compounding
When we talk about annual compounding, this means that interest is added to the principal balance once per year. Imagine it as a yearly growth spurt for your savings. With annual compounding, you take your initial deposit, add the interest earned over the year, and that becomes your new total balance.

Here's how it works: You start with a principal amount, say \\(3000\\) in our example. The interest rate is \(6\%\). With \(n = 1\) because it's compounded once annually, the formula you'll use looks like this: \(A = P \left(1 + \frac{r}{n}\right)^{nt}\). Plugging our numbers in, you end with an amount of \\(3180\\) after one year.

So, with annual compounding, you can expect your savings to grow steadily at once-a-year intervals. It sounds straightforward, doesn't it? No reinvestments during the year, just a neat end-of-year addition to your savings.
Semiannual Compounding
Semiannual compounding takes your savings a step further by breaking the compounding period into two halves within one year. This means interest is calculated and added to the principal twice a year.

Picture your savings having two mini-growths instead of one big one at year-end. With semiannual compounding, \\(3000\\) grows with interest being compounded twice at \(3\%\) for each half of the year. So, here we use \(n = 2\) in our formula, \(A = P \left(1 + \frac{r}{n}\right)^{nt}\), which gives us a balance of \\(3182.70\\) by the year-end.

This method rewards you by adding interest halfway through the year, and again at the end, which can be more beneficial than annual compounding. It's like getting a bonus before the year concludes, and it's particularly useful for earning more on stricter schedules.
Daily Compounding
Now, let's imagine interest being added every single day. This is what's known as daily compounding. With this approach, your money is working for you 365 times throughout the year.

It's almost like your savings account sneaks in a bit of interest growth frequently, though by tiny increments each day. For instance, if you start with \\(3000\\), calculated by using \(n = 365\) in our trusty formula, \(A = P \left(1 + \frac{r}{n}\right)^{nt}\), over one year, this method leads to a total of approximately \\(3184.45\\).

Daily compounding might look like the ultimate grower because it accounts for extremely frequent additions of interest, potentially compounding even more if you keep that money in there. It's like your savings are jogging daily instead of sprinting once or twice a year, making it a favorite for maximizing growth when possible.

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