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Consider the function T(A)(X鈬赌)=x鈬赌TAx鈬赌fromRnxntoQn. Show that T is a linear transformation. Find the image, kernel, rank, and nullity of T.

Short Answer

Expert verified

the solution is

kerT=ARnxn:AT=-AimgT=xTAxQn:ARnxn,A=ATrankT=nn+12nulityT=nn-12

Step by step solution

01

Given information

TAx鈬赌=x鈬赌TAx鈬赌

02

Linear transformation and image of T and kernel of T

Consider A,BRnxnandR,then

T伪础+Bx=xT伪础+Bx=xT伪础x+xTBx=伪虫TAx+xTBx=伪罢Ax+TBx

For=1,wegetTA+B=TA+TBandforB=0,wegetT伪础=伪罢A.So,T:RNXNQn,TAx=xTAxisalineartransformation.ImageofT

We know that for any symmetric matrix ARnxntimes n,xTAx, creates a quadratic form(unique), and that the image of T defines the entire space of quadratic form Qndescribed by the symmetric matrices.

rankT=dimlmgT=nn+12

Kernel of T: if A is a skew symmetric matrix, that is AT=-Athen ,

xTAx=xTATx=-xTAxBut,sincexTAxisarealnumber,soxTAxT=xTAxandso,weget

xTAx=-xTAxxTAx=0. So, the space of all skew-symmetric matrices is the subset of the kernel of T. By rank-nullity theorem, dimension of kernel of T= nullity of T dimRnxn=n2andrankT=nn+12As a result, because is the dimension of the space of skew-symmetric matrices, all skew-symmetric matrices make up the whole kernel of T.

Thus,

kerT=ARnxn:AT=-AlmgT=xTAxQn:ARnxn,A=AT=Qn

03

Conclusion

kerT=ARnxn:AT=-AlmgT=xTAxQn:ARnxn,A=ATrankT=nn+12nulityT=nn+12

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