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Show that every complex 2 × 2 matrix is similar to an upper triangular 2 × 2 matrix. Can you generalize this result to square matrices of larger size? Hint: Argue by induction.

Short Answer

Expert verified

By induction,we can prove that the S−1ASis an upper triangular(and in fact, a diagonal) matrix

Step by step solution

01

Step 1:Let v be an eigen vector of A, Now let

S=[vv⊥]

Indeed,

S−1AS=1∥v∥[⟨Ax,x⟩00Ax⊥,x⊥]

which is an upper triangular (and in fact, a diagonal) matrix.

Similar result works for any n×n matrix A, that is, ifv1is an eigenvalue of A, we can let

A=[v1v2…vn]

wherevi+1=vi⊥,∶Äi=1,…,n−1.

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