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Chapter 1: Problem 7

To help assess student learning in her developmental math courses, a mathematics professor at a community college implemented pre- and posttests for her developmental math students. A knowledge-gained score was obtained by taking the difference of the two test scores. (a) What type of experimental design is this? (b) What is the response variable in this experiment? (c) What is the treatment?

Short Answer

Expert verified
(a) Pretest-posttest design, (b) Knowledge-gained score, (c) Developmental math course.

Step by step solution

01

Identifying the Experimental Design

This design involves comparing the same group of students' performance before and after an intervention (the math course). This type of design is often referred to as a 'before-and-after' or 'pretest-posttest' design.
02

Determining the Response Variable

The response variable is the outcome that the experimenter measures. In this case, it is the knowledge-gained score, which is calculated by taking the difference between the posttest and pretest scores.
03

Identifying the Treatment

The treatment in this experiment is the developmental math course itself, which is the intervention applied to see its effect on students' knowledge.

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Key Concepts

These are the key concepts you need to understand to accurately answer the question.

Pretest-Posttest Design
In educational research, a pretest-posttest design is a popular method to measure changes brought by an intervention. This design compares results from before and after the intervention. For example, in the exercise about the developmental math course, students are tested at the beginning (pretest) and then after completing the course (posttest).

By analyzing the difference between pretest and posttest scores, researchers can determine if the intervention (the math course) was effective. The main advantage of this design is that it uses the same group of individuals, which helps control for variations among different participants.
Response Variable
The response variable in an experiment is the primary outcome that researchers measure to assess the effects of the treatment. In the given exercise, the response variable is the knowledge-gained score.

To compute this, the professor subtracts the pretest score from the posttest score for each student. This score indicates how much knowledge students have gained through the math course. Analyzing this response variable helps in understanding the effectiveness of the intervention.
Educational Intervention
An educational intervention is any program or strategy implemented with the aim of improving learning outcomes. In the example provided, the developmental math course acts as the intervention.

Such interventions can vary widely, including new teaching methods, curriculum changes, or additional resources. The goal is to observe whether these interventions lead to better results, as indicated by the response variable (knowledge-gained score in this case). Evaluating the impact of educational interventions is crucial for enhancing teaching practices and student achievement.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Researchers wish to know if there is a link between hypertension (high blood pressure) and consumption of salt. Past studies have indicated that the consumption of fruits and vegetables offsets the negative impact of salt consumption. It is also known that there is quite a bit of person-to-person variability as far as the ability of the body to process and eliminate salt. However, no method exists for identifying individuals who have a higher ability to process salt. The U.S. Department of Agriculture recommends that daily intake of salt should not exceed 2400 mg. The researchers want to keep the design simple, so they choose to conduct their study using a completely randomized design. (a) What is the response variable in the study? (b) Name three factors that have been identified. (c) For each factor identified, determine whether the variable can be controlled, cannot be controlled, or should be manipulated. If a factor cannot be controlled, what should be done to reduce variability in the response variable? (d) How many treatments would you recommend? Why?

Explain the difference between an observational study and an experiment. In your explanation, be sure to discuss the circumstances in which each is appropriate.

Identify the type of sampling used. A small-town newspaper reporter wants to get local reaction to a controversial new film. She waits outside the theater during an afternoon show and, starting with the second, asks every fifth patron leaving how much they liked the movie.

Classify the variable as qualitative or quantitative. Number of siblings

Identify the type of sampling used. To determine customer opinion of their boarding policy, Southwest Airlines randomly selects 60 flights during certain week and surveys all passengers on the flights.
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