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Consider the differential equation dpdt=p(p-1)(2-p) for the population p (in thousands) of a certain species at time t.

猞 Sketch the direction field by using either a computer software package or the method of isoclines.

猞 If the initial population is 4000 [that is, p0=4], what can you say about the limiting population limtP(t)?

猞 If p(0)=1.7, what is limtP(t)?

猞 If p(0)=0.8, what is limtP(t)?

猞 Can a population of 900 ever increase to 1100?

Short Answer

Expert verified

猞 The Sketch is drawn for the direction field

猞 2

猞 2

猞 0

猞 No

Step by step solution

01

1(a): Drawing the Sketch for the direction field

Hence the sketch is drawn for the direction filed.

02

Solving the differential equation

dpp(p-1)(2-p)=dt-12dpp+dpp-1-32dpp-2=dtlogp+logp-1-2+logp-23=-2t+clog(p)(p-2)3(p-1)2=-2t+c(p)(p-2)3(p-1)2=c1e-2t

03

3(b): Putting the initial condition p0=4 in the solution

(4)(4-2)3(4-1)2=c1.1329=c1p(p-2)3(p-1)2=329e-tlimt+p(p-2)3(p-1)2=limt+329e-tlimt+p(t)=2

Hence the limiting population is 2.

04

4(c): Placing the first state p(0)=1.7 in the solution found in Step 2

(1.7)(1.7-2)3(1.7-1)2=c11-0.04590.49=c1-0.094=c1(p)(p-2)3(p-1)2=(-0.094)e-2tlimt+(p)(p-2)3(p-1)2=limt+(-0.094)e-2tlimt+p(t)=2

Hencethelimitingpopulationis2.

05

5(d): Positioning the primary order   in the solution found in Step 2

(0.8)(0.8-2)3(0.8-1)2=c11-1.38240.04=c1-34.56=c1p(p-2)3(p-1)2=(-34.56)e-2tlimt+p(p-2)3(p-1)2=limt+(-34.56)e-2tlimt+p(t)=0

Hencethelimitingpopulationis0.

06

6(e): Analyzing the direction field graph

As it can be seen in the graph given in part (a), that the points 0,1, 2 are terminal points, and every point less than 1 cannot increase to a point greater than 1.

Now, 900 is equivalent to 0.9 (in thousands) while 1100 is equivalent to 1.1 (in thousands).

Hence a population of 900 can never increase to 1100.

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