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(a) Show thatx=x2 is an explicit solution toxdydx=2y on the interval (-,).

(b) Show that (x)=ex-x, is an explicit solution todydx+y2=ex+1-2xex+x2-1 on the interval (-,).

(c) Show thatx=x2-x-1 is an explicit solution tox2d2ydx2=2y on the interval (0,).

Short Answer

Expert verified
  1. Proved
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Step by step solution

01

Step 1(a): Showing that ϕx=x2 is an explicit solution to xdydx=2y

Firstly, differentiate the given functionconcerning x.

Therefore,'(x)=2x, for all x on the interval -,,

Substituting the value of for y in the given equation,

xdydx=2yx'x=2xx2x=2x22x2=2x2

This means, the function x, substituted in the given equation, satisfies the equation for all x in the interval -,.

Hence, (x)=x2 is an explicit solution to the equation xdydx=2y, for all x on the interval (-,).

02

Step 2(b): Show that ϕ(x)=ex-x, is an explicit solution to dydx+y2=ex+(1-2x)ex+x2-1a2+b2

Firstly, differentiate the given functionconcerning x.

Therefore, 'x=ex-1, for all x on the interval -,.

Substituting the value of xfor y in the L.H.S. (Left-hand side) of the given equation,

dydx+y2=ex-1+ex-x2dydx+y2=ex-1+e2x+x2-2xexdydx+y2=e2x+ex-2xex+x2-1dydx+y2=e2x+1-2xex+x2-1

Which is the same as the R.H.S. (Right-hand side) of the given equation,

Hence, (x)=ex-xis an explicit solution to the equation dydx+y2=ex+1-2xex+x2-1, for all x on the interval (-,).

03

Step 3(c): Show that ϕx=x2-x-1 is an explicit solution to x2d2ydx2=2y

Firstly, we will differentiate the given functionconcerning x.

Therefore, 'x=2x--1x-2=2x+x-2, for all x in the interval (0,)

And ''x=2+-2x-3=2-2x-3, for all x in the interval(0,)

Substituting the value of for y in the given equation,

x2d2ydx2=2yx2''x=2xx22-2x-3=2x2-x-12x2-2x-1=2x2-2x-1

This means, the function x, substituted in the given equation, satisfies the equation, for all x in the interval (0,).

So, x=x2-x-1is an explicit solution to the equation x2d2ydx2=2y, for all x in the interval (0,).

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Most popular questions from this chapter

In Problems 21鈥26, solve the initial value problem.

(ety+tety)dt+(tet+2)dy=0,y(0)=-1

In Problems 21鈥26, solve the initial value problem (etx+1)dt+(et-1)dx=0,x(1)=1

The directional field for dydx=4xyin shown in figure 1.12.

(a) Verify that the straight lines y=2xare solution curves, provided x0.

(b) Sketch the solution curve with initial condition y (0) = 2.

(c) Sketch the solution curve with initial condition y(2) = 1.

(d) What can you say about the behaviour of the above solution as x+? How about x-?

Let (x)denote the solution to the initial value problem

dydx=x-y,y(0)=1

猞 Show that (x)=1-'(x)=1-x+(x)

猞 Argue that the graph of is decreasing for x near zero and that as x increases from zero, (x)decreases until it crosses the line y = x, where its derivative is zero.

猞 Let x* be the abscissa of the point where the solution curve y=(x) crosses the line y=x.Consider the sign of (x*) and argue that has a relative minimum at x*.

猞 What can you say about the graph of y=(x) for x > x*?

猞 Verify that y = x 鈥 1 is a solution to dydx=x-y and explain why the graph of y=(x) always stays above the line y=x-1.

猞 Sketch the direction field for dydx=x-y by using the method of isoclines or a computer software package.

猞 Sketch the solution y=(x) using the direction field in part (f).

Nonlinear Spring.The Duffing equationy''+y+ry3=0 where ris a constant is a model for the vibrations of amass attached to a nonlinearspring. For this model, does the period of vibration vary as the parameter ris varied?

Does the period vary as the initial conditions are varied? [Hint:Use the vectorized Runge鈥揔utta algorithm with h= 0.1 to approximate the solutions for r= 1 and 2,

with initial conditionsy(0)=a,y'(0)=0 for a = 1, 2, and 3.]

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