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(a) Find a condition on M and N that is necessary and sufficient for Mdx+Ndy=0to have an integrating factor that depends only on the productx2y.

(b) Use part (a) to solve the equation2x+2y+2x3y+4x2y2dx+2x+x4+2x3ydy=0.

Short Answer

Expert verified

(a) Proved

(b)ex2yx2+2xy=C

Step by step solution

01

(a): Find the integrating factor of the form  

Given,Mdx+Ndy=0       ......(1)

Has the integrating factor of the form x2ywill be written as fx2y. Then, equation (1) becomes fx2yMdx+fx2yNdy=0.

That is,∂∂yfx2yM=∂∂xfx2yN.

Differentiating on both sides,

f'x2yMx2+fx2y∂M∂y=f'x2yN2xy+fx2y∂N∂xf'x2yMx2-f'x2yN2xy=fx2y∂N∂x-fx2y∂M∂yxf'x2yMx-2Ny=fx2y∂N∂x-∂M∂y∂N∂x-∂M∂y=xf'x2yMx-2Nyfx2y∂N∂x-∂M∂yxMx-2Ny=f'x2yfx2y∂N∂x-∂M∂yxMx-2Ny=Hx2y

Letv=x2y. Then,f'x,yfx,y=Hv

f=e∫Hvdv ......(2)

Integrate on both sides.

f=e∫Hvdv ......(2)

So, the general form of μx2y=e∫Hx2ydx2y.

02

(b): Use part (a) to solve the equation 2x+2y+2x3y+4x2y2dx+2x+x4+2x3ydy=0.

Given,

2x+2y+2x3y+4x2y2dx+2x+x4+2x3ydy=0 ......(3)

Solve the equation (3).

Let.M=2x+2y+2x3y+4x2y2,N=2x+x4+2x3y

Then,

∂N∂x=2+4x3+6x2y∂M∂y=2+2x3+8x2y

Substitute the values in equation (2).

Hx2y=2+4x3+6x2y-2-2x3-8x2yx2x2+2xy+2x4y+4x3y2-4xy-2x4y-4x3y2=2x3-2x2yx2x2-2xy=2x3-2x2y2x3-2x2y=1∂N∂x=2+4x3+6x2y∂M∂y=2+2x3+8x2y

Now substitute it in equation (3)

f=e∫Hvdv=ev=ex2y

Now multiply the value of f on equation (3).

ex2y2x+2y+2x3y+4x2y2dx+ex2y2x+x4+2x3ydy=0

So, the found equation is exact. Then,

Fx,y=ex2y2x+x4+2x3ydy

Integrate with respect to y.

Fx,y=x2ex2y+2ex2yx+2x2ex2yy-ex2yx+hx

Differentiate F with respect to x.

Fx,y=ex2y2x+2x3y+2y+4x2y2+h'x=MFx,y=ex2y2x+2x3y+2y+4x2y2+h'x=M

Then equalize theMvalues.

ex2y2x+2x3y+2y+4x2y2+h'x=ex2y2x+2x3y+2y+4x2y2h'x=0

Integrate on both sides with respect tox.

∫h'x=∫0dxhx=C

Substitute inF.

Fx,y=Fx,y=x2ex2y+2ex2yx+2x2ex2yy-ex2yx+C=ex2yx2+2x+2x2y-2x+C=ex2yx2+2+2x2y-2x+C=ex2yx2+2x2yx+C=ex2yx2+2xy+C

Therefore, the required solution is ex2yx2+2xy=C.

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