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Chapter 7: Problem 83

Ondansetron (Zofran) is a drug used by some pregnant women for nausea. There was some concern that it might cause trouble with pregnancies. An observational study was done of women in Denmark (Pasternak et al. 2013). An analysis of 1849 exposed women and 7376 unexposed women showed that \(2.1 \%\) of the women exposed to ondansetron and \(5.8 \%\) of the unexposed women had miscarriages during weeks 7 to 22 of their pregnancies. a. Was the rate of miscarriages higher with Zofron, as feared? b. Which of the conditions for finding the confidence interval do not hold?

Short Answer

Expert verified
The rate of miscarriages is not higher in the group exposed to Zofran, in fact it is lower than in the group unexposed to the drug. The conditions for a valid confidence interval don't fully hold because the samples might not be independent due to the observational nature of the study.

Step by step solution

01

Evaluate Rate of Miscarriage

The rates of miscarriage for the two groups are given as follows: Exposed group: \(2.1 \% \) and the unexposed group: \(5.8 \% \). These percentages indicate that the rate of miscarriage is higher in the group of women unexposed to the drug Zofran.
02

Validate Confidence Interval Conditions

The conditions for a confidence interval to be valid include: 1. The sample proportions must be Normally distributed. This is satisfied when the sample sizes are large (above 30) and both exposed and unexposed groups meet this condition. 2. The samples need to be independent. This condition might not be met here as the study design is observational, not randomized. Therefore, the results could be biased by confounding variables. Due to this, the confidence interval conditions might not hold entirely true.

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