/*! This file is auto-generated */ .wp-block-button__link{color:#fff;background-color:#32373c;border-radius:9999px;box-shadow:none;text-decoration:none;padding:calc(.667em + 2px) calc(1.333em + 2px);font-size:1.125em}.wp-block-file__button{background:#32373c;color:#fff;text-decoration:none} Problem 63 Describe the design of a control... [FREE SOLUTION] | 91影视

91影视

Log out

Learning Materials

Features

Discover

Chapter 1: Problem 63

Describe the design of a controlled experiment to determine whether the use of vitamin D supplements reduces the chance of broken bones in women with osteoporosis (weak bones). Assume you have 200 women with osteoporosis to work with. Your description should include all the features of a controlled experiment. Also decide how the results would be determined.

Short Answer

Expert verified
A controlled experiment here would divide 200 women into two equal groups, administer vitamin D supplements to one group but not the other, maintain similar conditions for both groups, measure their bone breakage over a particular period, and finally analyze the occurrences of broken bones in both groups to determine the effect of vitamin D supplements.

Step by step solution

01

Identify Variable & Control Groups

First, the 200 women with osteoporosis should be divided equally and randomly into two groups of 100 each. The first group is the control group that won't receive vitamin D supplements, and the second one is the variable group that will take the supplements.
02

Ensure Standardized Conditions

All the women in both groups should be living under similar conditions and should have the similar eating habits, physical activities, and lifestyle apart from the Vitamin D supplements. This would ensure that any difference in the bone breakage results between the groups can be attributed to the vitamin D supplements only.
03

Collect Data

Both groups will be observed over a set period of time and documented if they had any bone breakages during this period.
04

Analyze Results

After the observation time is over, compare the number of broken bones in the control group to the number in the group that took the vitamin D supplements. The difference between the two figures will help determine whether vitamin D supplements reduce the chance of broken bones in women with osteoporosis.

Unlock Step-by-Step Solutions & Ace Your Exams!

  • Full Textbook Solutions

    Get detailed explanations and key concepts

  • Unlimited Al creation

    Al flashcards, explanations, exams and more...

  • Ads-free access

    To over 500 millions flashcards

  • Money-back guarantee

    We refund you if you fail your exam.

Over 30 million students worldwide already upgrade their learning with 91影视!

One App. One Place for Learning.

All the tools & learning materials you need for study success - in one app.

Get started for free

Most popular questions from this chapter

Population Density The accompanying table gives the 2018 population and area (in square kilometers) of five U.S. cities. See page 39 for guidance. (Source: www.citymayors.com). $$ \begin{array}{l|c|c} \text { City } & \text { Population } & \text { Area (square km) } \\ \hline \text { Miami } & 4,919,000 & 2891 \\ \hline \text { Detroit } & 3,903,000 & 3267 \\ \hline \text { Atlanta } & 3,500,000 & 5083 \\ \hline \text { Seattle } & 2,712,000 & 1768 \\ \hline \text { Baltimore } & 2,076,000 & 1768 \\ \hline \end{array} $$ a. Determine and report the ranking of the population density (people per square kilometer) by dividing the population of each city by its area. Use rank 1 for the highest density. b. If you wanted to live in the city (of these six) with the lowest population density, which would you choose? c. If you wanted to live in the city (of these six) with the highest population density, which would you choose?

Indicate whether the study is an observational study or a controlled experiment. Patients with multiple sclerosis are randomly assigned a new drug or a placebo and are then given a test of coordination after six months.

Association between Glycemic Load and Acne? An article in the Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics reported on a study of diet in subjects with moderate to severe acne. Read the excerpts from the abstract and answer the questions that follow. (Source: Burris et al., "Differences in dietary glycemic load and hormones in New York City adults with no or moderate/severe acne," Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, vol. 117 [September 2017]: \(1375-1383\) ) Methods: Sixty-four participants (no acne, \(\mathrm{n}=32\); moderate/severe acne, \(\mathrm{n}=32\) ) were included in this study. Participants completed a 5 -day food record, had blood drawn and completed a questionnaire to evaluate food-aggravated acne beliefs and acne-specific quality of life. Results: Participants with moderate/severe acne consumed greater total carbohydrate compared to participants without acne. Participants with moderate/severe acne had greater insulin compared to participants without acne. Although there were no differences between groups, \(61 \%\) of participants reported food-influenced acne. a. Was this a controlled experiment or an observational study? Explain how you know. b. Assuming the study was properly conducted, can we conclude that higher consumption of carbohydrates causes more severe acne? Explain.

Incarceration Rates (Example 7) The table gives the prison population and total population for a sample of states in 2014-15. (Source: The 2017 World Almanac and Book of Facts) $$ \begin{array}{|l|c|c|} \hline \text { State } & \text { Prison Population } & \text { Total Population } \\ \hline \text { California } & 136,088 & 39,144,818 \\ \hline \text { New York } & 52,518 & 19,795,791 \\ \hline \text { Illinois } & 48,278 & 12,859,995 \\ \hline \text { Louisiana } & 38,030 & 4,670,724 \\ \hline \text { Mississippi } & 18,793 & 2,992,333 \\ \hline \end{array} $$ Find the number of people in prison per thousand residents in each state and rank each state from the highest rate (rank 1\()\) to the lowest rank (rank 6). Compare these rankings of rates with the ranks of total numbers of people in prison. Of the states in this table, which state has the highest prison population? Which state has the highest rate of imprisonment? Explain why these two answers are different.

The blog \(N H S\) Choices (February 10, 2014 ) noted that "there has been increasing anecdotal evidence that vitamin C may still be useful as an anticancer medicine if used in high concentrations and given directly into the vein (intravenously)." Explain what it means that there is "increasing anecdotal evidence" that Vitamin C may be a useful anticancer medicine. How does anecdotal evidence contrast with scientific evidence? What kind of conclusions, if any, can be made from anecdotal evidence?
See all solutions

Recommended explanations on Math Textbooks

Pure Maths

Read Explanation

Theoretical and Mathematical Physics

Read Explanation

Geometry

Read Explanation

Logic and Functions

Read Explanation

Mechanics Maths

Read Explanation

Decision Maths

Read Explanation
View all explanations

What do you think about this solution?

We value your feedback to improve our textbook solutions.

Study anywhere. Anytime. Across all devices.