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Chapter 1: Q 1.56. (page 23)
Ideally, in cluster sampling, each cluster should the entire population.
Ideally, in cluster sampling, each cluster should patternthe entire population.
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Explain why a census is often not the best way to obtain information about a population.
In Exercises 1.7-1.12, classify each of the studies as either descriptive or inferential. Explain your answers.
Drug Use. The U.S. Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration collects and publishes data on nonmedical drug use, by type of drug and age group, in National Survey on Drug Use and Health. The following table provides data for the years 2003 and 2008. The percentages shown are estimates for the entire nation based on information obtained from a sample (NA, not available).
In Exercises 1.17-1.22, state whether the investigation in question is an observational study or a designed experiment. Justify your answer each case.
The Salk Vaccine. In the 1940s and early 1950s, the public greatly concerned about polio. In an attempt to prevent this disease, Jonas Salk of the University of Pittsburgh developed a polio vaccine. In a test of the vaccine's efficacy, involving nearly million grade-school children, half of the children received the Salk vaccine; the other half received a placebo, in this case, an injection of salt dissolved in water. Neither the children nor the doctors performing the diagnoses knew which children belonged to which group, but an evaluation center did. The center found that the incidence of polio was far less among the children inoculated with the Salk vaccine. From that information, the researchers concluded that the vaccine would be effective in preventing polio for all U.S. school children; consequently, it was made available for general use.
Identify two statistical methods other than a census for obtaining information.
In Exercises 1.7-1.12, classify each of the studies as either descriptive or inferential. Explain your answers.
In-Demand College Majors. In a June 2013 article, published online by The Street, B. O'Connell discussed the results of a survey on opportunities for graduating college students. In one aspect of the survey, the following percentage estimates were reported on which college majors were in demand among U.S. firms. [SOURCE: "The Most In-Demand College Majors This Year." Published by Career-Builder, LLC, 2013.]
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