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Chapter 2: Q.2.42 (page 67)
Identify an important reason for grouping data.
In the event of big data sets, data grouping is important.
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The Federal Reserve System publishes weekly figures for M2 money supply in the document Money Stock Measures. M2 includes such things as cash in circulation, deposits in checking accounts, nonbank traveller's checks, accounts such as savings deposits, and money-market mutual funds. The following bar chart provides data on the M2 money supply over months during one year.
a. What is wrong with the bar chart?
b. Construct a version of the bar chart with a nontruncated and unmodified vertical axis.
c. Construct a version of the bar chart in which the vertical axis is modified in an acceptable manner.
Give an example, other than those presented in this section, of
a) Qualitative Variable
b) Discrete Qualitative Variable
c) Continuous Quantitative Variable
America's Melting Pot. The U.S. Census Bureau publishes data on the population of the United States by race and Hispanic origin in American Community Survey. From that document, we constructed the following bar chart. Note that people who are Hispanic may be of any race, and people in each race group may be either Hispanic or not Hispanic.
a. Explain why a break is shown in the first bar.
b. Why was the graph constructed with a broken bar?
c. Is this graph potentially misleading? Explain your answer.
Use the specified grouping method to
Part (a): Determine a frequency distribution.
Part (b): Obtain a relative frequency distribution.
Part (c): Construct a frequency histogram based on your result from part (a).
Part (d): Construct a relative frequency histogram based on your result from part (b).
Patients who undergo chronic hemodialysis often experience severe anxiety. Videotapes of progressive relaxation exercises were shown to one group of patients and neutral videotapes to another group. Then both groups took the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, a psychiatric questionnaire used to measure anxiety, on which higher scores correspond to higher anxiety. In the paper "The Effectiveness of Progressive Relaxation in Chronic Hemodialysis Patients", R. Alarcon et al. presented the results of the study. The following data give score results for the group that viewed relaxation-exercises videotapes. Use limit grouping with a first class of 12-17 and a class width of 6.
Explain the meaning of
a) Qualitative Variable
b) Discrete, Quantitative Variable
c) Continuous, Quantitative Variable
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