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Chapter 11: Q. 11.17 (page 459)

A Harris Roll asked Americans whether states should be allowed to conduct random drug tests on elected officials. Of 21,355the respondents, 79%said "yes."

a. Determine the margin of error for a 99%confidence interval.

b. Without doing any calculations, indicate whether the margin of error is larger or smaller for a 90%confidence interval. Explain your answer.

Short Answer

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(a)

Step by step solution

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Part (a) Step 1: Given information

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Part (a) Step 2: Explanation

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Part (b) Step 1: Given information

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Part (b) Step 2: Explanation

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Obtain a sample size that will ensure a margin of error of at most the one specified.

Margin of error=0.01

Confidence level=95%

11.97 Sunscreen Use. Industry Research polled teenagers on sunscreen use. The survey revealed that 46% of teenage girls and 30% of teenage boys regularly use sunscreen before going out in the sun.
a. Identify the specified attribute.
b. Identify the two populations.
c. Are the proportions 0.46(46%) and 0.30(30%) sample proportions or population proportions? Explain your answer.

Folic Acid and Birth Defects. For several years, evidence had been mounting that folic acid reduces major birth defects. A. Creizel and I. Dudas of the National Institute of Hygiene in Budapest directed a study that provided the strongest evidence to date. Their results were published in the paper "Prevention of the First Occurrence of Neural-Tube Defects by Periconceptional Vitamin Supplementation" (New England Journal of Medicine, Vol. 327(26). p. 1832 ). For the study, the doctors enrolled women prior to conception and divided them randomly into two groups. One group, consisting of 2701 women, took daily multivitamins containing 0.8mg of folic acid; the other group, consisting of 2052 women, received nay A. Creizel and L. Duxlas of the National Institute of Hygiene i) Budapest directed a study that provided the strongest evidence to date Their results were published in the paper "Prevention of the Firs Occurrence of Neural-Tube Defects by Periconceptional Vitamin Supplementation" (New England Journal of Medicine, Vol. 327(26). p. 1832 ). For the study, the doctors enrolled women prior to conception and divided them randomly into two groups. One group, consisting of 2701 women, took daily multivitamins containing 0.8mg of folic acid; the other group. consisting of 2052 women, received only trace elements. Major birth defects occurred in 35 cases when the women took folic acid and in 47 cases when the women did not.

a. At the 1%significance level, do the data provide sufficient evidence to conclude that women who take folic acid are at lesser risk of having children with major birth defects?

b. Is this study a designed experiment or an observational study? Explain your answer.

c. In view of your answers to parts (a) and (b), could you reasonably conclude that taking folic acid causes a reduction in major birth defects? Explain your answer.

What does the margin of error for the estimate of a population proportion tell you?

1Neutropenia. Neutropenia is an abnormally low number o neutrophils (a type of white blood cell) in the blood. Chemotherapy often reduces the number of neutrophils to a level that makes the patient susceptible to fever and infections. G. Bucaneve et al. published a study of such cancer patients in the paper "Levofloxacin to Prevent Bacterial Infection in Patients With Cancer and Neutropenia" (New England Journal of Medicine, Vol. 353, No, 10, pp. 977-987). For the study. 375 patients were randomly assigned to receive a daily dose of levofloxacin, and 363 were given a placebo. In the group receiving levofloxacin, fever was present in 243 patients for the duration of neutropenia, whereas fever was experienced by 308 patients in the placebo group.

a. At the1% significance level, do the data provide sufficient evidence to conclude that levofloxacin is effective in reducing the occurrence of fever in such patients?

b. Find a98% confidence level for the difference in the proportions of such cancer patients who would experience fever for the duration of neutropenia
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