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many species of cuckoos are brood parasites. The females lay their eggs in the nests if similar bird species that then raise the young cuckoos at the expense of their own young. The question might be asked, "Do the cuckoos lay the same size eggs regardless of the size of the bird whose nest they use"? Data on the lengths, in millimeters of cuckoo eggs found in the nests of six bird species- Meadow Pipit, Tree pipit, Hedge Sparrow, Robin, Pied Wagtail and wren are provided on the WeissStats site. These data are collected by the late O. Latter in \(1902\) and used by L. Tippett in his text The Methods of Statistics.

a. Obtain individual normal probability plots and the standard deviations of the sample.

b. Perform a residual analysis

c. use your results from part (a) and (b) to decide whether conducting a one-way ANOVA test on the data is reasonable. If so, also do parts (d) and (e).

d. use a one-way ANOVA test to decide, at the\(5%\) significance level whether, the data provide sufficient evidence to conclude that a difference exists among the means of the populations from which the samples were taken.

e. Interpret your results from part (d).

Short Answer

Expert verified

Part a.

Part b.

Part c.

Part d. The null hypothesis is rejected that mean data provided a sufficient evidence to support the claim for the means of the population from which the sample were drawn are not all the same.

Step by step solution

01

Part a. Step 1. Given information

The sample data is given into the paper

02

Part a. Step 2. Calculation

Let鈥檚 take the random sample of length \(120\0.

Draw a normal probability plot using function 鈥渘ormplot鈥 in MATLAB.

Program:

Query:

  • First, we have defined the random samples.
  • Then generate the normal probability plot.
03

Part b. Step 1. Calculation

Let鈥檚 take the random sample of length \(120\).

Then calculate the residual using relation

\(residual = data -fit\)

Then, draw a normal probability plot using function 鈥渘ormplot鈥 in MATLAB.

Program:

Query:

  • First, we have defined the random samples.
  • Then generate the normal probability plot of the residuals.
04

Part c. Step 1. Calculation

Calculate the SST, SSTR and SSE using given relation

\(SST=\sum x^{2}-\frac{(\sum x)^{2}}{n}\)

\(SST=474-\frac{(80)^{2}}{16}=7.4\)

\(SSTR=\frac{\sum (x_{i})^{2}}{n_{i}}-\frac{\sum (x)^{2}}{n}\)

\(SSTR=\frac{12^{2}}{3}+\frac{25^{2}}{5}+\frac{15^{2}}{5}+\frac{18^{2}}{3} -\frac{(80)^{2}}{16}=46\)

\(SSE=SST-SSTR=28\)

Then,

\(df_{T}=k-1=3-1=2\)

\(df_{E}=n-k=10-3=7\)

\(MSTR=\frac{SSTR}{df_{T}}=\frac{24}{2}=12\)

\(MSE=\frac{SSE}{df_{E}}=\frac{16}{7}=2.2857\)

\(F=\frac{MSTR}{MSE}=\frac{12}{2.2857}\approx 5.25\)

After calculating these values put all into the table and get ANOVA table

05

Part d. Step 1. Calculation

The \(p-\)value is the probability value which obtaining by the test statistics, or a value more extreme. The \(P-\)value is the number in the row title of the \(F-\)distribution table which containing \(F-\)value in the row \(dfd=df_{E}=7\) and in the column \(dfn=df_{T}=2\)

So, the \(p-\)value lie between

\(0.025<P<0.050\)

And if the \(p-\)value is less than significance level then it will reject the null hypothesis.

\(P<0.05\Rightarrow\) Reject \(H_{0}\)

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Most popular questions from this chapter

a. Obtain individual normal probability plots and the standard deviations of the samples.

b. Perform a residual analysis.

c. Use your results from parts (a) and (b) to decide whether conducting a one-way ANOVA test and the data is reasonable. If so, also do parts (d)-(e).

d. Use a one-way ANOVA test to decide, at the 5%significance level, whether the data provide sufficient evidence to conclude that a difference exists among the means of the populations from which the samples were taken.

e. Interpret your results from part (d).

Weight loss and Leg Power. Another characteristic compared in the hip bone density study "discussed in Problem 19
was " Maximum Nottingham leg power, in watts, On the WeissStats site, we provide the leg-power data for the three groups, based on the results obtained by the researchers.

Staph Infections. In the article "Using EDE, ANOVA and Regression to Optimize Some Microbiology Data" (Journal of Statistics Education, Vol. 12, No. 2, online), N. Binnie analyzed bacteria culture data collected by G. Cooper at the Auckland University of Technology. Five strains of cultured Staphylococcus aureus bacteria that cause staph infections were observed for 24hours at 27oC. The following table reports bacteria counts, in millions, for different cases from each of the five strains.

At the 5%significance level, do the data provide sufficient evidence to conclude that a difference exists in mean bacteria counts among the five strains of Staphylococcus aureus? (Note: T1=104,T2=129, T3=185,T4=98,T5=194,x2i=25,424.)

Fish of Lake Laengelmaevesi. An article by J. Puranen of the Department of Statistics, University of Helsinki, discussed a classic study on several variables of seven different species of fish caught in Lake Laengelmaevesi, Finland. On the Weiss Stats site, we present the data on weight (in grams) and length (in centimeters) from the nose to the beginning of the tail for four of the seven species. Perform the required parts for both the weight and length data.

a. Obtain individual normal probability plots and the standard deviation of the samples.

b. Perform a residual analysis.

c. Use your results from parts (a) and (b) to decide whether conducting a one-way ANOVA test on the data is reasonable. If so. also do parts (d) and (e).

d. Use a one-way ANOVA test to decide, at the 5%significance level, Whether the data provide sufficient evidence to conclude that a difference exists among the means of the populations fewer than the samples were taken.

e. Interpret your results from part (d)

In one-way ANOVA, identify a statistic that measures

a. the variation among the sample means.

b. the variation within the samples.

Regarding one-way ANOVA, fill in the blanks in each of Exercises 13.15-13.17
13.17 To compare the variation among the sample means to the variation within the samples, we use the ratio of MSTR to-------
This ratio is called the-----

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