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Chapter 4: Q5 (page 143)
Identifying Probability Values Which of the following are probabilities?
0 3/5 5/3 -0.25 250% 7:3 1 50-50 5:1 0.135 2.017
The probability values are 0, , 1, and 0.135.
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Surge Protectors Refer to the accompanying figure showing surge protectors p and q used to protect an expensive television. If there is a surge in the voltage, the surge protector reduces it to a safe level. Assume that each surge protector has a 0.985 probability of working correctly when a voltage surge occurs.
a. If the two surge protectors are arranged in series, what is the probability that a voltage surge will not damage the television? (Do not round the answer.)
b. If the two surge protectors are arranged in parallel, what is the probability that a voltage surge will not damage the television? (Do not round the answer.)
c. Which arrangement should be used for better protection?
In Exercises 25鈥�32, find the probability and answer the questions. YSORT Gender Selection MicroSort鈥檚 YSORT gender selection technique is designed to increase the likelihood that a baby will be a boy. At one point before clinical trials of the YSORT gender selection technique were discontinued, 291 births consisted of 239 baby boys and 52 baby girls (based on data from the Genetics & IVF Institute). Based on these results, what is the probability of a boy born to a couple using MicroSort鈥檚 YSORT method? Does it appear that the technique is effective in increasing the likelihood that a baby will be a boy?
Redundancy in Stadium Generators Large stadiums rely on backup generators to provide electricity in the event of a power failure. Assume that emergency backup generators fail 22% of the times when they are needed (based on data from Arshad Mansoor, senior vice president with the Electric Power Research Institute). A stadium has three backup generators so that power is available if at least one of them works in a power failure. Find the probability of having at least one of the backup generators working given that a power failure has occurred. Does the result appear to be adequate for the stadium鈥檚 needs?
In Exercises 5鈥�36, express all probabilities as fractions.
Social Security Numbers A Social Security number consists of nine digits in a particular order, and repetition of digits is allowed. After seeing the last four digits printed on a receipt, if you randomly select the other digits, what is the probability of getting the correct Social Security number of the person who was given the receipt?
In Exercises 9鈥�20, use the data in the following table, which lists drive-thru order accuracy at popular fast food chains (data from a QSR Drive-Thru Study). Assume that orders are randomly selected from those included in the table.
惭肠顿辞苍补濒诲鈥檚 | Burger King | 奥别苍诲测鈥檚 | Taco Bell | |
Order Accurate | 329 | 264 | 249 | 145 |
OrderNotAccurate | 33 | 54 | 31 | 13 |
Fast Food Drive-Thru Accuracy If two orders are selected, find the probability that they are both accurate.
a. Assume that the selections are made with replacement. Are the events independent?
b. Assume that the selections are made without replacement. Are the events independent?
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