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In Exercises 5鈥36, express all probabilities as fractions.

Morse Codes The International Morse code is a way of transmitting coded text by using sequences of on/off tones. Each character is 1 or 2 or 3 or 4 or 5 segments long, and each segment is either a dot or a dash. For example, the letter G is transmitted as two dashes followed by a dot, as in 鈥 鈥 鈥. How many different characters are possible with this scheme? Are there enough characters for the alphabet and numbers?

Short Answer

Expert verified

The number of different characters possible is 62.

There are enough characters available to express all the letters of the alphabet and the numbers.

Step by step solution

01

Given information

Each character is expressed in terms of 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 segments.

Each segment can be a dot or a dash.

02

Describe the counting rule

The number of possibilities for each place of the arrangement is counted under the provided conditions to obtain the total counts of arrangements possible.

The total number of ways possible for the occurrence of the event is the product of the individual possibilities at each step.

03

Compute the number

Five different segment lengths are feasible in the Morse code, leading to five cases.

Case 1: The number of segments is one

The number of characters available for each part of the segment is two (dot or dash).

The number of ways of forming a character is two.

Case 2: The number of segments is two

The number of characters available for each part of the segment is two.

The number of ways of forming a character is 22=4.

Case 3: The number of segments is three

The number of characters available for each part of the segment is two.

The number of ways of forming a character is 222=8.

Case 4: The number of segments is four

The number of characters available for each part of the segment is two.

The number of ways of forming a character is2222=16

Case 5: The number of segments is five

The number of characters available for each part of the segment is two.

The number of ways of forming a character is 22222=32.

The total number of different characters possible is equal to the sum of all feasible counts in the five cases mentioned above.

2+4+8+16+32=62

Therefore, the total number of different characters possible is 62.

04

Determine the adequacy of the Morse code

The total number of alphabets is 26.

The total number of digits is 10.

The total number of characters required is 26+10=36.

The total number of characters available using the Morse code is 62.

Thus, there are enough characters available to express all the letters of the alphabet and the numbers.

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In Exercises 9鈥20, use the data in the following table, which lists drive-thru order accuracy at popular fast food chains (data from a QSR Drive-Thru Study). Assume that orders are randomly selected from those included in the table.

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