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In Exercises 5–36, express all probabilities as fractions.

Mega Millions As of this writing, the Mega Millions lottery is run in 44 states. Winning the jackpot requires that you select the correct five different numbers between 1 and 75 and, in a separate drawing, you must also select the correct single number between 1 and 15. Find the probability of winning the jackpot. How does the result compare to the probability of being struck by lightning in a year, which the National Weather Service estimates to be 1/960,000?

Short Answer

Expert verified

The probability of winning the jackpot is1258,890,850.

The probability of winning the jackpot is much less than the probability of being struck by lightning in a year.

Step by step solution

01

Given information

Winning a lottery has two components. The first is to select the correct five numbers between 1 and 75, and the second is to select the correct single number between 1 and 15.

02

Define combination

When a certain number of units, say r, are to be chosen from a set of n units without replacement, then the combination rule is used to find the total number of ways in which the selections can be made.

The formula is shown below:

Crn=n!n-r!r!

Here, the order of the selections has no importance.

03

Compute the number of ways to make five selections

The lottery is won when the correct selection of five numbers is made from 75 digits and one digit from 15 digits.

Case 1:

There are 75 numbers between 1 and 75.

The number of ways in which five numbers can be selected from 1 to 75 (in any order) is shown below:

75C5=75!75-5!×5!=75!70!×5!=17259390

The number of ways in which the correct five numbers can be selected 1.

The probability of selecting the correct five numbers from 1 to 75 is computed below:

Pcorrect5numbers=117259390

04

Compute the number of ways to make one selection

Case 2:

The total number that can be selected between 1 and 15 is 15.

The number of ways in which one number can be selected from 1 to 15 (in any order) is shown below:

15C1=15!15-1!×1!=15

The number of ways in which the correct single number can be selected is 1.

The probability of selecting the correct numbers from 1 to 15 is computed below:

Pcorrectsinglenumber=115

05

Compute the probability of winning the lottery

Let A be the event of winning the jackpot.

The probability of winning the jackpot is the product of the probabilities in cases 1 and 2. The calculation is shown below:

PA=117259390×115=1258890850

Therefore, the probability of winning the jackpot is1258890850.

06

Compare the probability with the value

The probability of being struck by lightning is 1960,000.

The probability of winning the lottery is lesser than the probability of being struck by lightning, that is,

1258,890,850<1960,000

Therefore, the probability of winning the jackpot is much less than the probability of being struck by lightning in a year.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

In Exercises 9–20, use the data in the following table, which lists drive-thru order accuracy at popular fast food chains (data from a QSR Drive-Thru Study). Assume that orders are randomly selected from those included in the table.

²Ñ³¦¶Ù´Ç²Ô²¹±ô»å’s

Burger King

°Â±ð²Ô»å²â’s

Taco Bell

Order Accurate

329

264

249

145

OrderNotAccurate

33

54

31

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Complements and the Addition Rule Refer to the table used for Exercises 9–20. Assume that one order is randomly selected. Let A represent the event of getting an order from ²Ñ³¦¶Ù´Ç²Ô²¹±ô»å’s and let B represent the event of getting an order from Burger King. Find PAorB¯, find PA¯orB¯, and then compare the results. In general, does PAorB¯= PA¯orB¯?

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