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Chapter 1: Q3-28BSC (page 1)

In Exercises 21鈥�28, determine whether the study is an experiment or an observational study, and then identify a major problem with the study.

Medications The Pharmaceutical Research and Manufacturers of America wants information about the consumption of various medications. An independent researcher conducts a survey by mailing 10,000 questionnaires to randomly selected adults in the United States, and she receives 152 responses.

Short Answer

Expert verified

The given study is observational.

The number of responses upon which the analysis will be made is too small (152) compared to the population size. Moreover, the responses are recorded according to the convenience of the respondents. This can lead to incorrect conclusions.

Step by step solution

01

Given information

A survey is conducted using 10,000 adults of the United States to gather information about medicine consumption. The total number of responses received is equal to 152.

02

Observational study and experimental study

An observational study is made by noting the answers/responses to a survey. The respondents are not tempered at any level by the surveyor.

An experimental study is made by purposely inculcating changes in the experimental units and then commenting about the behavior observed.

03

Identification of the type of study

The research comprising 10,000 randomly selected adults and recording their responses to a questionnaire regarding consumption of medications depicts an observational study as the respondents are not affected in any manner.

04

Identification of the major problem

The small size of the number of responses and convenience-based reporting of answers can lead to incorrect inferences.

Since the number of responses recorded is very small and there can be a bias in reporting the answers as the study is performed on a convenience sample, this study will not lead to accurate outcomes.

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Conclusion: If we analyze the sample data and conclude that there is a correlation between white blood cell counts and red blood cell counts, does it follow that higher white blood cell counts are the cause of higher red blood cell counts?

In Exercises 21鈥�24, refer to the data in the table below. The entries are white blood cell counts (1000 cells,ML) and red blood cell counts (million cells,ML) from male subjects examined as part of a large health study conducted by the National Center for Health Statistics. The data are matched, so that the first subject has a white blood cell count of 8.7 and a red blood cell count of 4.91, and so on.

Conclusion: If we analyze the sample data and conclude that there is a correlation between white blood cell counts and red blood cell counts, does it follow that higher white blood cell counts are the cause of higher red blood cell counts?
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