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Chapter 1: Q2-28BSC (page 1)

In Exercises 21-28,determine which of the four levels of measurement (nominal, ordinal, interval, ratio) is most appropriate.

Body Temperatures: Body temperatures (in degrees Fahrenheit) listed in Data Set 3 鈥淏ody Temperatures鈥� in Appendix B.

Short Answer

Expert verified

The appropriate level of measurement for body temperatures measured in degrees Fahrenheit is aninterval.

Step by step solution

01

Given information

The body temperatures are recorded in degrees Fahrenheit.

02

Classification of data according to the level of measurement

The level of measurement is different for different types of data:

  • Nominal: This scale requires the values to label each given category under a variable. For example, labeling seasons as 1 for winter, 2 for summer, 3 for spring, and 4 for fall in no particular order.
  • Ordinal: This scale requires an increasing/decreasing order assigned to the values of the variable. For example, ranking of students in a class. The difference between each ranking is not fixed and does not indicate anything.
  • Interval: This scale requires that the values are equally spaced. For example, scores in an IQ test. Here, a zero score does not imply zero or no level of IQ.
  • Ratio: This scale requires the ratio of the values to exist and have a meaning. For example, the Kelvin scale of temperature measurement. Zero Kelvin means no heat, and 70 Kelvin is twice as hot as 35 Kelvin.
03

Identification of the appropriate scale

Since a temperature measured in degrees Fahrenheit is quantitative and equally spaced, but the absolute zero value does not mean 鈥渘o heat鈥�; so it is measured on aninterval scale.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Colleges in United States Currently, there are 4612 colleges in the United States, and the number of full-time students is 13,203,477.

a. Are the numbers of full-time students at different colleges discrete or continuous?

b. What is the level of measurement for the numbers of full-time students at colleges? (nominal, ordinal, interval, ratio)

c. What is wrong with surveying college students by mailing questionnaires to 10,000 of them who are randomly selected?

d. If we randomly select 50 full-time college students in each of the 50 states, what type of sample is obtained? (random, systematic, convenience, stratified, cluster)

e. If we randomly select four colleges and survey all of their full-time students, what type of sample is obtained? (random, systematic, convenience, stratified, cluster)

In Exercises 17鈥�20, refer to the sample of body temperatures (degrees Fahrenheit) in the table below. (The body temperatures are from a data set in Appendix B.)

Context of the Data: Refer to the table of body temperatures. Is there some meaningful way in which each body temperature recorded at 8 AM is matched with the 12 AM temperature?

Question: Determine whether the given source has the potential to create a bias in a statistical study.

Brain Size. A data set in Appendix B includes brain volumes from 10 pairs of monozygotic (identical) twins. The data were collected by researchers at Harvard University, Massachusetts General Hospital, Dartmouth College, and the University of California at Davis.

In Exercises 17鈥�20, refer to the sample of body temperatures (degrees Fahrenheit) in the table below. (The body temperatures are from a data set in Appendix B.).

Subject


12345
8 AM9798.597.697.798.7
12 AM97.697.89898.498.4

Conclusion If we analyze the listed body temperatures with suitable methods of statistics, we conclude that when the differences are found between the 8 AM body temperatures and the 12 AM body temperatures, there is a 64% chance that the differences can be explained by random results obtained from populations that have the same 8 AM and 12 AM body temperatures. What should we conclude about the statistical significance of those differences?

In Exercises 21-28,determine which of the four levels of measurement (nominal, ordinal, interval, ratio) is most appropriate.

College RankingsU.S. News & World Report periodically provides its rankings of national universities, and in a recent year the ranks for Princeton, Harvard, and Yale were 1, 2, and 3, respectively.
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