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Chapter 1: Q10 (page 10)
Determine whether the sampling method appears to be sound or is flawed.
Clinical Trials. Researchers at Yale University conduct a wide variety of clinical trials by using subjects who volunteer after reading advertisements soliciting paid volunteers.
The sampling method is flawed.
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Statistical Significance and Practical Significance. In Exercises 13鈥�16, determine whether the results appear to have statistical significance, and also determine whether the results appear to have practical significance.
MCAT The Medical College Admissions Test (MCAT) is commonly used as part of the decision-making process for determining which students to accept into medical schools. To test the effectiveness of the Siena MCAT preparation course, 16 students take the MCAT test, then they complete the preparatory course, and then they retake the MCAT test, with the result that the average (mean) score for this group rises from 25 to 30. There is a 0.3% chance of getting those results by chance. Does the course appear to be effective?
In Exercises 29鈥�36, answer the given questions, which are related to percentages.
Workplace Attire In a survey conducted by Opinion Research Corporation, 1000 adults were asked to identify 鈥渨hat is inappropriate in the workplace.鈥� Of the 1000 subjects, 70% said that miniskirts were not appropriate in the workplace.
a. What is 70% of 1000?
b. Among the 1000 respondents, 550 said that shorts are unacceptable in the workplace. What percentage of respondents said that shorts are unacceptable in the workplace?
What鈥檚 Wrong? In Exercises 25鈥�28, identify what is wrong.
The electronic cigarette maker V2 Cigs sponsored a poll showing that 55% of
smokers surveyed say that they feel ostracized 鈥渟ometimes,鈥� 鈥渙ften,鈥� or 鈥渁lways.鈥�
What鈥檚 Wrong with This Picture? The Newport Chronicle ran a survey by asking readers to call in their response to this question: 鈥淒o you support the development of atomic weapons that could kill millions of innocent people?鈥� It was reported that 20 readers responded and that 87% said 鈥渘o,鈥� while 13% said 鈥測es.鈥� Identify four major flaws in this survey.
In Exercises 21鈥�24, refer to the data in the table below. The entries are white blood cell counts (1000 cells,ML) and red blood cell counts (million cells,ML) from male subjects examined as part of a large health study conducted by the National Center for Health Statistics. The data are matched, so that the first subject has a white blood cell count of 8.7 and a red blood cell count of 4.91, and so on.
Given the context of the data in the table, what issue can be addressed by conducting a statistical analysis of the measurements?
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