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Chapter 9: Q3BSC (page 414)
Units of MeasureIf the values listed in Exercise 2 are changed so that they are expressed in Celsius degrees instead of Fahrenheit degrees, how are hypothesis test results affected?
Hypothesis test results are not affected by a change in the unit of measurement.
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Robust What does it mean when we say that the F test described in this section is not robust against departures from normality?
Testing Claims About Proportions. In Exercises 7鈥�22, test the given claim. Identify the null hypothesis, alternative hypothesis, test statistic, P-value or critical value(s), then state the conclusion about the null hypothesis, as well as the final conclusion that addresses the original claim.
Is Echinacea Effective for Colds? Rhinoviruses typically cause common colds. In a test of the effectiveness of Echinacea, 40 of the 45 subjects treated with Echinacea developed rhinovirus infections. In a placebo group, 88 of the 103 subjects developed rhinovirus infections (based on data from 鈥淎n Evaluation of Echinacea Angustifolia in Experimental Rhinovirus Infections,鈥� by Turner et al., New England Journal of Medicine, Vol. 353, No. 4). We want to use a 0.05 significance level to test the claim that Echinacea has an effect on rhinovirus infections.
a. Test the claim using a hypothesis test.
b. Test the claim by constructing an appropriate confidence interval.
c. Based on the results, does Echinacea appear to have any effect on the infection rate?
Testing Claims About Proportions. In Exercises 7鈥�22, test the given claim. Identify the null hypothesis, alternative hypothesis, test statistic, P-value or critical value(s), then state the conclusion about the null hypothesis, as well as the final conclusion that addresses the original claim.
Clinical Trials of OxyContin OxyContin (oxycodone) is a drug used to treat pain, butit is well known for its addictiveness and danger. In a clinical trial, among subjects treatedwith OxyContin, 52 developed nausea and 175 did not develop nausea. Among other subjectsgiven placebos, 5 developed nausea and 40 did not develop nausea (based on data from PurduePharma L.P.). Use a 0.05 significance level to test for a difference between the rates of nauseafor those treated with OxyContin and those given a placebo.
a. Use a hypothesis test.
b. Use an appropriate confidence interval.
c. Does nausea appear to be an adverse reaction resulting from OxyContin?
Testing Claims About Proportions. In Exercises 7鈥�22, test the given claim. Identify the null hypothesis, alternative hypothesis, test statistic, P-value or critical value(s), then state the conclusion about the null hypothesis, as well as the final conclusion that addresses the original claim.
Are Seat Belts Effective? A simple random sample of front-seat occupants involved in car crashes is obtained. Among 2823 occupants not wearing seat belts, 31 were killed. Among 7765 occupants wearing seat belts, 16 were killed (based on data from 鈥淲ho Wants Airbags?鈥� by Meyer and Finney, Chance, Vol. 18, No. 2). We want to use a 0.05 significance level to test the claim that seat belts are effective in reducing fatalities.
a. Test the claim using a hypothesis test.
b. Test the claim by constructing an appropriate confidence interval.
c. What does the result suggest about the effectiveness of seat belts?
Testing Claims About Proportions. In Exercises 7鈥�22, test the given claim. Identify the null hypothesis, alternative hypothesis, test statistic, P-value or critical value(s), then state the conclusion about the null hypothesis, as well as the final conclusion that addresses the original claim.
Bednets to Reduce Malaria In a randomized controlled trial in Kenya, insecticide-treated bednets were tested as a way to reduce malaria. Among 343 infants using bednets, 15 developed malaria. Among 294 infants not using bednets, 27 developed malaria (based on data from 鈥淪ustainability of Reductions in Malaria Transmission and Infant Mortality in Western Kenya with Use of Insecticide-Treated Bednets,鈥� by Lindblade et al., Journal of the American Medical Association, Vol. 291, No. 21). We want to use a 0.01 significance level to test the claim that the incidence of malaria is lower for infants using bednets.
a. Test the claim using a hypothesis test.
b. Test the claim by constructing an appropriate confidence interval.
c. Based on the results, do the bednets appear to be effective?
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