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Testing Hypotheses. In Exercises 13鈥24, assume that a simple random sample has been and test the given claim. Unless specified by your instructor, use either the P-value method or the critical value method for testing hypotheses. Identify the null and alternative hypotheses, test statistic, P-value (or range of P-values), or critical value(s), and state the final conclusion that addresses the original claim.

Course Evaluations Data Set 17 鈥淐ourse Evaluations鈥 in Appendix B includes data from student evaluations of courses. The summary statistics are n = 93, x = 3.91, s = 0.53. Use a 0.05 significance level to test the claim that the population of student course evaluations has a mean equal to 4.00.

Short Answer

Expert verified

The hypotheses are as follows.

H0:=4.00H1:4.00

The test statistic is -1.638.

The critical values are 1.986.

The null hypothesis is failed to be rejected.

There is enough evidence to support the claim that the population mean of the student鈥檚 course evaluation is equal to 4.

Step by step solution

01

Given information

The summarised data for the student evaluation of the courses is as follows.

n=93x=3.91s=0.53

The significance level is 0.05 to test the claim that the mean of the course evaluations by the students is equal to 4.00.

02

Check the requirements

The required conditions are verified as follows.

  1. The sample, satisfies the condition of a simple random sampling, as it iss randomly collected from the student鈥檚 evaluation about the course.
  2. The sample size of 93 is greater than 30. Thus, there is no need to check for normality of the sample, as the condition for the sample size is satisfied.

As the value of is unknown, the t-test will be applied.

03

State the hypotheses 

The null hypothesis H0represents the population mean of the student鈥檚 course evaluation, which is equal to 4. The alternate hypothesisH1 represents the population mean of the student鈥檚 course evaluation, which is not equal to 4.

Let be the population mean of the student鈥檚 course evaluation.

State the null and alternate hypotheses as follows.

H0:=4.00H1:4.00

04

State the critical value

The degree of freedom is obtained by using the formula df=n-1, where .n=93 So,

df=93-1=92

The critical value can be obtained using the t-distribution table with 92 degrees of freedom and a significance level of 0.05 for a two-tailed test.

From the t-table, the value is obtained as 1.986t0.052 corresponding to row 92 and column 0.05 (two-tailed).

Thus, the critical values are 1.986.

05

Compute the test statistic

Apply the t-test to compute the test statistic using the formula t=x-sn.

Substitute the respective value in the above formula and simplify.

t=3.91-40.5393=-1.638

06

State the decision 

Reject the null hypothesis when the absolute value of the observed test statistic is greater than the critical value. Otherwise, fail to reject the null hypothesis.

In this case,

t=-1.638=1.638<1.9860t0.052

The absolute value of the observed test statistic is less than the critical value. This implies that the null hypothesis is failed to be rejected.

07

Conclusion

As the null hypothesis is failed to be rejected, it can be concluded that there is sufficient evidence to support the claim that the mean of the population of the student鈥檚 course evaluation is equal to 4.

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