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Chapter 8: Q. 9.55 (page 370)
We have given the P-value for a hypothesis test. For each exercise determine the strength of the evidence against null hypothesis.
Given
The P-value is 0.06, which is in the range of 0.05 to 0.10.
Thus null hypothesis is strongly rejected.
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Technology. In Exercises 9鈥�12, test the given claim by using the display provided from technology. Use a 0.05 significance level. Identify the null and alternative hypotheses, test statistic, P-value (or range of P-values), or critical value(s), and state the final conclusion that addresses the original claim.
Tornadoes Data Set 22 鈥淭ornadoes鈥� in Appendix B includes data from 500 random tornadoes. The accompanying StatCrunch display results from using the tornado lengths (miles) to test the claim that the mean tornado length is greater than 2.5 miles.
In Exercises 1鈥�4, use these results from a USA Today survey in which 510 people chose to respond to this question that was posted on the USA Today website: 鈥淪hould Americans replace passwords with biometric security (fingerprints, etc)?鈥� Among the respondents, 53% said 鈥測es.鈥� We want to test the claim that more than half of the population believes that passwords should be replaced with biometric security.
Number and Proportion
a. Identify the actual number of respondents who answered 鈥測es.鈥�
b. Identify the sample proportion and the symbol used to represent it.
Type I and Type II Errors. In Exercises 29鈥�32, provide statements that identify the type I error and the type II error that correspond to the given claim. (Although conclusions are usually expressed in verbal form, the answers here can be expressed with statements that include symbolic expressions such as p = 0.1.).
The proportion of people with blue eyes is equal to 0.35.
Testing Claims About Proportions. In Exercises 9鈥�32, test the given claim. Identify the null hypothesis, alternative hypothesis, test statistic, P-value, or critical value(s), then state the conclusion about the null hypothesis, as well as the final conclusion that addresses the original claim. Use the P-value method unless your instructor specifies otherwise. Use the normal distribution as an approximation to the binomial distribution, as described in Part 1 of this section.
Medication Usage In a survey of 3005 adults aged 57 through 85 years, it was found that 87.1% of them used at least one prescription medication (based on data from 鈥淯se of Prescription Over-the-Counter Medications and Dietary SupplementsAmong Older Adultsin the United States,鈥� by Qato et al., Journal of the American Medical Association,Vol. 300,No. 24). Use a 0.01 significance level to test the claim that more than 3/4 of adults use at least one prescription medication. Does the rate of prescription use among adults appear to be high?
Testing Claims About Proportions. In Exercises 9鈥�32, test the given claim. Identify the null hypothesis, alternative hypothesis, test statistic, P-value, or critical value(s), then state the conclusion about the null hypothesis, as well as the final conclusion that addresses the original claim. Use the P-value method unless your instructor specifies otherwise. Use the normal distribution as an approximation to the binomial distribution, as described in Part 1 of this section.
Cell Phones and Cancer In a study of 420,095 Danish cell phone users, 135 subjects developed cancer of the brain or nervous system (based on data from the Journal of the National Cancer Institute as reported in USA Today). Test the claim of a somewhat common belief that such cancers are affected by cell phone use. That is, test the claim that cell phone users develop cancer of the brain or nervous system at a rate that is different from the rate of 0.0340% for people who do not use cell phones. Because this issue has such great importance, use a 0.005 significance level. Based on these results, should cell phone users be concerned about cancer of the brain or nervous system?
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